The design and selection principles of modern food packaging are: according to the protective requirements of the food to be packaged, scientifically select packaging materials with good protection functions, make reasonable structural design and packaging decoration design, use sophisticated and reliable packaging machinery and equipment, and adopt advanced Packaging technical methods to achieve the purpose of protecting food and extending the shelf life. This article will introduce the methods of selecting food packaging materials from eight aspects.
1. Must understand the protective requirements of food
Different foods have different chemical compositions, physical and chemical properties, etc., so different foods have different protection requirements for packaging. For example, the packaging of tea should be high oxygen barrier (to prevent the effective ingredients from being oxidized), high humidity barrier (the tea leaves are damp and moldy), high light barrier (the chlorophyll in tea will be changed by sunlight), high resistance aroma (Tea molecular aroma components are very easy to emit and lose the taste of tea. In addition, tea is also very easy to absorb external odors), and a considerable part of the tea on the market is packed in ordinary PE , PP and other transparent plastic bags, which greatly wastes the effective ingredients of tea The quality of tea cannot be guaranteed.
Contrary to the above-mentioned foods, fruits, vegetables, etc. have a respiration option after picking, that is, the packaging is required to have different permeability to different gases. For example, after roasting coffee beans, carbon dioxide is slowly released, and cheese also produces carbon dioxide after packaging, so their packaging should be high oxygen barrier and high carbon dioxide permeability. Raw meat, processed meat foods, beverages, snacks, baked goods, etc. also have very different protective requirements for packaging. Therefore, the packaging should be scientifically designed according to the different nature of the food itself and different protective requirements.
2. Choose packaging materials with appropriate protection functions
Modern food packaging materials mainly include plastics, paper, composite materials (plastic / plastic, plastic / paper, plastic / aluminum, foil / paper / plastic and other types of multilayer composite materials), glass bottles, metal cans Wait. We mainly focus on composite materials and plastic packaging.
1) Composite materials
Composite materials are the most widely used flexible packaging materials. At present, there are more than 30 kinds of plastics used for food packaging , and there are hundreds of multi-layer composite materials containing plastics. Composite materials generally use 2-6 layers, but special needs can reach 10 or more layers. The use of plastic, paper or tissue machines, aluminum foil and other substrates in a scientific and reasonable combination or lamination can almost meet the packaging requirements of various foods. For example, the shelf life of Tetra Pak milk packaged with multilayer materials such as plastic / cardboard / aluminum-plastic / plastic can be as long as half a year to one year. The shelf life of some high-barrier soft- packaged canned meat can be as long as 3 years, and some developed countries can provide a shelf-life of more than one year for composite packaging cakes. After one year, the nutrition, color, aroma, taste, shape and microbial content of the cakes still meet Claim. The design of composite packaging should pay special attention to the selection of the substrates of each layer, the collocation must be scientific and reasonable, and the comprehensive performance of the combination of each layer must meet the comprehensive requirements of food for packaging.
2) Plastic
There are as many as fifteen or six kinds of plastics for food packaging in China, such as PE , PP , PS , PET , PA , PVDC , EVA , PVA , EVOH , PVC , ionomer resin, etc. Among them, high oxygen resistance are PVA , EVOH , PVDC , PET , PA, etc., high resistance to humidity are PVDC , PP , PE, etc .; radiation resistance is like PS aromatic nylon, etc .; low temperature resistance is like PE , EVA , POET , PA, etc .; oil resistance and good mechanical properties such as ionomer resin, PA , PET, etc., that is, high temperature sterilization and low temperature resistance, such as PET , PA, etc. Various plastics have different monomer molecular structures, different degrees of polymerization, different types and quantities of additives, and different properties. Even if the same plastic has different grades, the properties will be different. Therefore, appropriate plastics or combinations of plastics and other materials must be selected according to the requirements. Improper selection may cause the food quality to deteriorate or even lose its edible value.
3. Using advanced packaging technology
In order to extend the shelf life of food, new packaging technologies such as active packaging, mildew-proof packaging, moisture-proof packaging, anti-fog packaging, anti-static packaging, selective air-permeable packaging, non-slip packaging, buffer packaging, etc. are widely used in developed countries. New technologies are not widely used in China, and some methods are still blank. The application of these advanced technologies can significantly improve the protection function of packaging.
4. Selection of packaging machinery and equipment supporting the food processing technology
In order to meet the needs of food processing technology, a variety of new packaging equipment has been developed, such as vacuum packaging machine, vacuum inflation packaging machine, heat shrink packaging machine, blister packaging machine, body packaging machine, sheet thermoforming equipment, liquid Filling machine, forming / filling / sealing packaging machine, aseptic packaging equipment, etc. According to the selected packaging materials and packaging technology methods, the selection or design of packaging machinery supporting the food processing technology and production capacity is the guarantee of successful packaging.
5. The shape and structure design should meet the scientific requirements
The packaging design should meet the geometric requirements, and try to make the container with a larger volume with the least packaging material, so that the packaging material can be saved and meet the environmental protection requirements. The structural design of the packaging container should meet the mechanical requirements, and the compressive strength, impact strength, and drop resistance should meet the requirements of the packaging during storage, transportation, and sales. The shape design of the packaging container should be innovative, such as pineapple juice in a pineapple-shaped container, lively packaging containers such as apple juice in an apple-shaped container are worth advocating. The packaging container should be easy to open or repeatedly open, and some require opening or sealing.
6. Comply with the packaging regulations of China and exporting countries
Every step of the packaging operation should be selected, sealed, printed, bundled and labeled according to packaging standards, regulations, and regulations. Standardization and standardization throughout the entire packaging process are beneficial to raw material supply, commodity circulation, and international trade. And the disposal of waste packaging materials should comply with environmental protection requirements.
7. Packaging inspection
Modern packaging is based on scientific analysis, calculation, reasonable material selection, design and decoration, using advanced packaging technology and packaging machinery and equipment. As a qualified commodity, in addition to the product (food) should be tested, the packaging must also undergo various tests. Such as the air permeability, moisture permeability, oil resistance, moisture resistance of the packaging container, the role between the packaging container (material) and the food, the residual amount of the packaging material organization in the food, the resistance of the packaging material to the packaged food, the packaging container Compressive strength, burst strength, impact strength, etc. There are many types of packaging tests, and the test items can be selected according to specific conditions and regulatory requirements.
8. Packaging decoration design and packaging brand awareness
The packaging and decoration design should conform to the hobbies and habits of consumers and consumers in exporting countries. Graphic design is best coordinated with the contents. The trademark should be in an obvious position, and the text description should meet the food requirements. The product description should be true. The trademark should be catchy, easy to understand, easy to circulate, and can play a widely publicizing role. The packaging design of brand-name commodities should be brand-conscious, and some product packaging is easily replaced, which affects sales. For example, a Chinese brand vinegar has a good reputation in Japan and Southeast Asia, but the sales volume after replacement packaging is greatly reduced, because consumers are new The packaging is in doubt. Therefore, a product should be scientifically packaged and cannot be easily replaced.
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