Ten risks of outdoor sports, as early as early prevention!
Date: 2017-01-07 14:08
In natural environments such as mountains
Hidden with various complicated risk factors
It's always possible
Threats and injuries to climbers
In order to trigger a variety of mountain accidents
Let us work together to prevent it!
To avoid accidents, fundamentally speaking, one must have the ability to anticipate risks, the second must be an appropriate assessment of the ability of the team and the teams involved to cope with risks, and third, outdoor sports participants must have teamwork spirit.
Most new donkeys lack experience and lack of foresight for various risks. Some old donkeys, though able to anticipate risks, are overconfident and underestimate their difficulties. Others lack teamwork spirit, do not listen to the team leader’s advice, and prefer to do their own thing. All these things may become hidden accidents.
First, the alpine reaction
The standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is 760 millimeters of mercury, and the oxygen content in the air is about 21%. Usually, the elevation is more than 3,000 meters and it is a high altitude area. Most people begin to have high altitude reactions at this altitude.
The mountain reaction is due to the increased altitude and reduced air pressure. The oxygen content in the air decreases as the air pressure decreases, making it impossible for oxygen to fully enter the human bloodstream and lead to alpine reactions.
Different individuals, different climates, and reactions vary. The key is different adaptation for everyone. In the past, there was no high altitude response up to 6 km. It does not mean that you did not respond to this last 4 km.
The main symptoms are: dizziness, tinnitus, vomiting, poor taste, do not want to eat, drowsiness and lethargy, micro-fever. Severe persons are unresponsive, have rapid breathing, are emotionally uneasy, have high spirits, have diminished memory, and experience hallucinations.
prevention:
(1) Control the daily rise height, and increase the height every day as far as possible to control about 700 meters.
(2) Reasonable schedule, no transition fatigue. (Editor: There are many friends who responded. It is very important to control the weight problem.)
(3) Drink plenty of water and have a balanced diet.
(4) Do not go to bed early, do not use your brain, exercise lightly, and adapt to it.
(5) Sleep well. Unless it is needed, try not to take medicines.
Crisis management:
(1) For oxygen inhalation, rapid descent, as soon as possible to lower to a lower altitude, from high altitude areas.
(2) The patient is shocked and treated with priority. Attention should be paid to complications such as loss of temperature.
Second, from the team
In the wild, it is very dangerous to break away from the team. To avoid this situation, it is necessary to stress discipline before departure; arrange a deputy leader to postpone.
When a team member temporarily leaves the team due to physical decline or other reasons (such as going to the toilet), he should immediately notify the team before the stop, rest in place, and arrange for someone to accompany the demobilized individual team member. In any case, two or more people must be escorted. Action is strictly prohibited.
At the same time, we must also be prepared to leave the team in case:
1. All team members must be clear about their daily journey and the time they have arrived at their destination. They cannot rely on the team leader and follow blindly.
2. Each person must bring necessary personal equipment such as maps, compasses, water bottles, food, lamps, life-saving boxes, and so on.
3. In the event of leaving the team, if you are confident that you can continue to get to your destination, continue to move forward until you meet your teammates (Editor: Don't recommend taking it). If you have limited physical energy or panic, you should stay in place and try again. Return to the group's route or the last camp to find a refuge and wait for teammates to rescue.
4. The team leader should always pay attention to the number of persons to be counted. Once someone is found leaving the team, he or she should immediately arrange the entire team or wait in the field or send someone to search.
Third, lost direction
In a rare wild environment. Especially in shrubs from the woods or in places where there are large rocks, it is easy to get lost without knowing the footprints. Sometimes it is possible to get lost in the rain, in the fog, or in the evening due to the lack of visibility.
When you get lost, you mustn't panic and go around and you'll only get lost. First of all, you must be quiet. rest for a bit. Then try to find the place you are confident in finding. Mark along the way. And record the location of these tags on the book.
To avoid getting lost again, go back to your confident location and try again. Mark along the way, and observe the surrounding terrain, landforms or natural objects until you find the correct direction and send a distress signal when appropriate.
Fourth, failed to reach the camp as planned
When carrying out field activities, if it is later than the scheduled time and the day has darkened before reaching the destination, the following measures should be taken:
deal with:
(1) If the distance is obvious, the current location is also very certain, but also not far from the destination, you can light up and move on.
(2) But if there are other unfavorable conditions, such as rain, the temperature drops, or if you lose your way back to the spot, or if someone in the team feels unwell. Or if it is dangerous to act in the dark, we must prevent it and decide to stay overnight in the area.
At this time, if you have a tent and find a place where you can set up a camp, you can set up a camp overnight in the usual way. However, if you do not have a tent or the terrain is on a slope and you cannot set up a camp, wear as many clothes as possible and keep warm. If you bring food and stoves, you can adjust the meal.
(3) In order to prevent accidents, it is necessary to develop habits with sufficient water and emergency foods.
V. encounter poisonous snake
When encountering poisonous snakes in the wild. It often happens in the following situations: inadvertently stepping on a snake; catching a branch touching a snake; finding a snake in the morning to pack up a backpack; and so on.
This is basically caused by pedestrians breaking into the territories of snakes. In these accidental contacts, people will cause great panic, and it is very dangerous if they are bitten by Viper's instinctive self-defense.
The measure to prevent snake bites is to prepare a walking stick and to grapple with the grass as the snake seldom attacks the humans. It is fearful to leave with a sense of humor. If a venomous snake is found, it is best to avoid it. It is best to avoid it. Avoid bites.
In addition, when performing field activities, especially where snakes often appear. Wear hats, long-sleeve jackets, tough pants and tough boots. And bring good medicine.
Need to catch or kill poisonous snakes. Should try to use a stone or a quail-shaped branch to fight or control the head of the poisonous snake, try not to touch the snake with his hand, and put the snake in a cloth bag. Because the snake's fangs are bent inwards, it is not easy to hurt people in the bag (Note: The snake is very dangerous, don't try it easily)
VI. Mosquito bite, lice harassment
There are two types of mosquitoes that bite people. One is mosquitoes, cockroaches, crickets, and other blood-sucking insects. After biting, it is not only unbearable, but it also spreads malaria, encephalitis and other serious diseases. Use mosquito sprays or mosquito coils as a precautionary measure, but this will pollute the environment.
The relatively environmentally friendly method is to smoke or use natural pest control plants such as tuberose and chrysanthemum. In areas where mosquitoes and cockroaches are abundant, apply soap at least every day to thoroughly cleanse the body's skin. Take anti-mosquito repellent oils such as rubbing oil or balm oil.
The other species are bees, wasps, and wasps. After being bitten by a bee, a wasp, or a wasp, it initially feels painful, and then the wound is swollen and inflamed. After the bee stings, the stinging sac is usually left in the wound. The blade should be used to scrape the other and wash the wound with soap and water. The susceptibility to anaphylactic shock should carry drugs and tell other people how to use these drugs for themselves in case of emergency after being bitten.
Seven encounter beasts
With the exception of hungry carnivores or injured beasts, ordinary animals rarely attack people actively. As long as we do not infringe on them, they will not launch attacks.
However, when we meet in a narrow road or the food we carry attracts them, it is quite dangerous.
Speaking loudly and whistling in the process will surprise some beasts. They will leave with great interest. If you encounter wild animals such as bears and boars, you should not be overly alarmed. Slowly watching it keep smiling Keep away from them, sometimes the beast will walk away.
When you encounter a wolf or a wild dog, you must not turn and run away. You should pick up rocks and sticks. They also leaned against stone walls or trees to prevent them from attacking from behind, and waited to climb to the tree to take refuge.
Eight, swamp
The swamp terrain is mainly silted, and the watershed formed by the two slopes of the ridges flows down the collected rainwater into the reservoir after a relatively long distance. It flushes down the mud and sand with the rain, and the rainwater flows into the reservoir. Going into the reservoir, but the silted mud has remained, forming a mud moor.
In the gully crossing on the edge of a reservoir or a river bed, we must carefully observe the good terrain and choose a suitable and firm section to cross the river. Before crossing the river, prepare ropes and follow the wilderness to cross the river to operate.
prevention:
(1) When the group is on the move, in case of wetlands and wetlands, observe carefully and assess risks.
(2) When passing through, each 5 people are connected by a rope, and a distance of 2 to 3 meters is maintained between people. A member of the team unfortunately fell into the swamp and could get teammates' timely assistance.
Crisis management:
(1) If an individual falls into a swamp from time to time, do not tamper with it. Struggling hard will only sink deeper.
(2), you can release the backpack belt, put the backpack on the back, take a leg on the back and pull out one. Or put your backpack on your chest and lie on your backpack and swim out of the marshes.
Nine, heavy rain
In the event of a heavy rainstorm, the team leader should quickly decide on the road section and the size of the rain and the physical condition of the team members to continue or avoid rain.
(1) When continuing, due to heavy rain affecting visibility, more attention should be given to the direction of discrimination. Wet and slippery roads. Use safety ropes when necessary to ensure safety.
(2) When sheltering from the rain, keep warm, prevent lightning and prevent floods.
(3) When encountering heavy rain during camping: A. Decide whether or not to make a camp transfer decision based on the surrounding terrain and the magnitude of the rain, and transfer the tent to a safe location; B. Reinforce the tent and dig the drainage ditch; C. Put unnecessary items in the tent. Organized, income backpack, ready to withdraw at any time; D must shift out on duty, once found danger of flash floods, mudslides, immediately evacuated from the tent.
Ten, loss of temperature
The central body temperature of the human body is 36.5-37 degrees, and the surface of the hands and feet is 35 degrees. Causes of degeneracy are generally caused by cold clothing, surface air-conditioning, hunger, fatigue, and frailty.
Symptoms of temperature loss include: feeling cold, cold extremities, persistent trembling, pale face, loss of memory, unclear language, unwillingness of muscle control, unresponsiveness, change of temperament or loss of reason, slowing of pulse, loss of consciousness.
Crisis management:
(1) Maintain physical strength, stop activities or emergency camping, and continue to eat high-calorie foods.
(2), from the harsh environment of cold, remove cold and wet clothing in time, replace warm and warm clothing.
(3) To prevent continued loss of temperature, assist in regaining body temperature and eating hot syrup.
(4) Keep awake, give digestive hot food, lie flat in the sleeping bag and lose the thermos bottle or the body temperature of the rescuer.
(5) Conscious confusion and serious conditions, soaked in warm water at 40 degrees.
(6), loss of consciousness, artificial respiration, warm water below 40 degrees from the anal colon lavage directly re-centered review.
(7) Do not drink alcohol and do not massage limbs
The first outdoor element is safety
The importance of outdoor safety is well known
Learn to identify and prevent risks
Can be calmly dealt with when faced with danger
Help yourself or help others
I hope ALICE can enjoy happiness from outdoor sports
And don't hurt in outdoor sports!
Huaao Outdoor Center takes the national fitness and beautiful China as the main line, relying on the State Sports General Administration and the nation’s first-line media resources, specializing in sports tourism planning and planning for cities, scenic spots, sports bases, etc., and stimulating brand communication through competition events. , To create a national sports tourism demonstration bases in the industry, to help promote the integration of sports tourism culture development.
Date: 2017-01-07 14:08
In natural environments such as mountains
Hidden with various complicated risk factors
It's always possible
Threats and injuries to climbers
In order to trigger a variety of mountain accidents
Let us work together to prevent it!
To avoid accidents, fundamentally speaking, one must have the ability to anticipate risks, the second must be an appropriate assessment of the ability of the team and the teams involved to cope with risks, and third, outdoor sports participants must have teamwork spirit.
Most new donkeys lack experience and lack of foresight for various risks. Some old donkeys, though able to anticipate risks, are overconfident and underestimate their difficulties. Others lack teamwork spirit, do not listen to the team leader’s advice, and prefer to do their own thing. All these things may become hidden accidents.
First, the alpine reaction
The standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is 760 millimeters of mercury, and the oxygen content in the air is about 21%. Usually, the elevation is more than 3,000 meters and it is a high altitude area. Most people begin to have high altitude reactions at this altitude.
The mountain reaction is due to the increased altitude and reduced air pressure. The oxygen content in the air decreases as the air pressure decreases, making it impossible for oxygen to fully enter the human bloodstream and lead to alpine reactions.
Different individuals, different climates, and reactions vary. The key is different adaptation for everyone. In the past, there was no high altitude response up to 6 km. It does not mean that you did not respond to this last 4 km.
The main symptoms are: dizziness, tinnitus, vomiting, poor taste, do not want to eat, drowsiness and lethargy, micro-fever. Severe persons are unresponsive, have rapid breathing, are emotionally uneasy, have high spirits, have diminished memory, and experience hallucinations.
prevention:
(1) Control the daily rise height, and increase the height every day as far as possible to control about 700 meters.
(2) Reasonable schedule, no transition fatigue. (Editor: There are many friends who responded. It is very important to control the weight problem.)
(3) Drink plenty of water and have a balanced diet.
(4) Do not go to bed early, do not use your brain, exercise lightly, and adapt to it.
(5) Sleep well. Unless it is needed, try not to take medicines.
Crisis management:
(1) For oxygen inhalation, rapid descent, as soon as possible to lower to a lower altitude, from high altitude areas.
(2) The patient is shocked and treated with priority. Attention should be paid to complications such as loss of temperature.
Second, from the team
In the wild, it is very dangerous to break away from the team. To avoid this situation, it is necessary to stress discipline before departure; arrange a deputy leader to postpone.
When a team member temporarily leaves the team due to physical decline or other reasons (such as going to the toilet), he should immediately notify the team before the stop, rest in place, and arrange for someone to accompany the demobilized individual team member. In any case, two or more people must be escorted. Action is strictly prohibited.
At the same time, we must also be prepared to leave the team in case:
1. All team members must be clear about their daily journey and the time they have arrived at their destination. They cannot rely on the team leader and follow blindly.
2. Each person must bring necessary personal equipment such as maps, compasses, water bottles, food, lamps, life-saving boxes, and so on.
3. In the event of leaving the team, if you are confident that you can continue to get to your destination, continue to move forward until you meet your teammates (Editor: Don't recommend taking it). If you have limited physical energy or panic, you should stay in place and try again. Return to the group's route or the last camp to find a refuge and wait for teammates to rescue.
4. The team leader should always pay attention to the number of persons to be counted. Once someone is found leaving the team, he or she should immediately arrange the entire team or wait in the field or send someone to search.
Third, lost direction
In a rare wild environment. Especially in shrubs from the woods or in places where there are large rocks, it is easy to get lost without knowing the footprints. Sometimes it is possible to get lost in the rain, in the fog, or in the evening due to the lack of visibility.
When you get lost, you mustn't panic and go around and you'll only get lost. First of all, you must be quiet. rest for a bit. Then try to find the place you are confident in finding. Mark along the way. And record the location of these tags on the book.
To avoid getting lost again, go back to your confident location and try again. Mark along the way, and observe the surrounding terrain, landforms or natural objects until you find the correct direction and send a distress signal when appropriate.
Fourth, failed to reach the camp as planned
When carrying out field activities, if it is later than the scheduled time and the day has darkened before reaching the destination, the following measures should be taken:
deal with:
(1) If the distance is obvious, the current location is also very certain, but also not far from the destination, you can light up and move on.
(2) But if there are other unfavorable conditions, such as rain, the temperature drops, or if you lose your way back to the spot, or if someone in the team feels unwell. Or if it is dangerous to act in the dark, we must prevent it and decide to stay overnight in the area.
At this time, if you have a tent and find a place where you can set up a camp, you can set up a camp overnight in the usual way. However, if you do not have a tent or the terrain is on a slope and you cannot set up a camp, wear as many clothes as possible and keep warm. If you bring food and stoves, you can adjust the meal.
(3) In order to prevent accidents, it is necessary to develop habits with sufficient water and emergency foods.
V. encounter poisonous snake
When encountering poisonous snakes in the wild. It often happens in the following situations: inadvertently stepping on a snake; catching a branch touching a snake; finding a snake in the morning to pack up a backpack; and so on.
This is basically caused by pedestrians breaking into the territories of snakes. In these accidental contacts, people will cause great panic, and it is very dangerous if they are bitten by Viper's instinctive self-defense.
The measure to prevent snake bites is to prepare a walking stick and to grapple with the grass as the snake seldom attacks the humans. It is fearful to leave with a sense of humor. If a venomous snake is found, it is best to avoid it. It is best to avoid it. Avoid bites.
In addition, when performing field activities, especially where snakes often appear. Wear hats, long-sleeve jackets, tough pants and tough boots. And bring good medicine.
Need to catch or kill poisonous snakes. Should try to use a stone or a quail-shaped branch to fight or control the head of the poisonous snake, try not to touch the snake with his hand, and put the snake in a cloth bag. Because the snake's fangs are bent inwards, it is not easy to hurt people in the bag (Note: The snake is very dangerous, don't try it easily)
VI. Mosquito bite, lice harassment
There are two types of mosquitoes that bite people. One is mosquitoes, cockroaches, crickets, and other blood-sucking insects. After biting, it is not only unbearable, but it also spreads malaria, encephalitis and other serious diseases. Use mosquito sprays or mosquito coils as a precautionary measure, but this will pollute the environment.
The relatively environmentally friendly method is to smoke or use natural pest control plants such as tuberose and chrysanthemum. In areas where mosquitoes and cockroaches are abundant, apply soap at least every day to thoroughly cleanse the body's skin. Take anti-mosquito repellent oils such as rubbing oil or balm oil.
The other species are bees, wasps, and wasps. After being bitten by a bee, a wasp, or a wasp, it initially feels painful, and then the wound is swollen and inflamed. After the bee stings, the stinging sac is usually left in the wound. The blade should be used to scrape the other and wash the wound with soap and water. The susceptibility to anaphylactic shock should carry drugs and tell other people how to use these drugs for themselves in case of emergency after being bitten.
Seven encounter beasts
With the exception of hungry carnivores or injured beasts, ordinary animals rarely attack people actively. As long as we do not infringe on them, they will not launch attacks.
However, when we meet in a narrow road or the food we carry attracts them, it is quite dangerous.
Speaking loudly and whistling in the process will surprise some beasts. They will leave with great interest. If you encounter wild animals such as bears and boars, you should not be overly alarmed. Slowly watching it keep smiling Keep away from them, sometimes the beast will walk away.
When you encounter a wolf or a wild dog, you must not turn and run away. You should pick up rocks and sticks. They also leaned against stone walls or trees to prevent them from attacking from behind, and waited to climb to the tree to take refuge.
Eight, swamp
The swamp terrain is mainly silted, and the watershed formed by the two slopes of the ridges flows down the collected rainwater into the reservoir after a relatively long distance. It flushes down the mud and sand with the rain, and the rainwater flows into the reservoir. Going into the reservoir, but the silted mud has remained, forming a mud moor.
In the gully crossing on the edge of a reservoir or a river bed, we must carefully observe the good terrain and choose a suitable and firm section to cross the river. Before crossing the river, prepare ropes and follow the wilderness to cross the river to operate.
prevention:
(1) When the group is on the move, in case of wetlands and wetlands, observe carefully and assess risks.
(2) When passing through, each 5 people are connected by a rope, and a distance of 2 to 3 meters is maintained between people. A member of the team unfortunately fell into the swamp and could get teammates' timely assistance.
Crisis management:
(1) If an individual falls into a swamp from time to time, do not tamper with it. Struggling hard will only sink deeper.
(2), you can release the backpack belt, put the backpack on the back, take a leg on the back and pull out one. Or put your backpack on your chest and lie on your backpack and swim out of the marshes.
Nine, heavy rain
In the event of a heavy rainstorm, the team leader should quickly decide on the road section and the size of the rain and the physical condition of the team members to continue or avoid rain.
(1) When continuing, due to heavy rain affecting visibility, more attention should be given to the direction of discrimination. Wet and slippery roads. Use safety ropes when necessary to ensure safety.
(2) When sheltering from the rain, keep warm, prevent lightning and prevent floods.
(3) When encountering heavy rain during camping: A. Decide whether or not to make a camp transfer decision based on the surrounding terrain and the magnitude of the rain, and transfer the tent to a safe location; B. Reinforce the tent and dig the drainage ditch; C. Put unnecessary items in the tent. Organized, income backpack, ready to withdraw at any time; D must shift out on duty, once found danger of flash floods, mudslides, immediately evacuated from the tent.
Ten, loss of temperature
The central body temperature of the human body is 36.5-37 degrees, and the surface of the hands and feet is 35 degrees. Causes of degeneracy are generally caused by cold clothing, surface air-conditioning, hunger, fatigue, and frailty.
Symptoms of temperature loss include: feeling cold, cold extremities, persistent trembling, pale face, loss of memory, unclear language, unwillingness of muscle control, unresponsiveness, change of temperament or loss of reason, slowing of pulse, loss of consciousness.
Crisis management:
(1) Maintain physical strength, stop activities or emergency camping, and continue to eat high-calorie foods.
(2), from the harsh environment of cold, remove cold and wet clothing in time, replace warm and warm clothing.
(3) To prevent continued loss of temperature, assist in regaining body temperature and eating hot syrup.
(4) Keep awake, give digestive hot food, lie flat in the sleeping bag and lose the thermos bottle or the body temperature of the rescuer.
(5) Conscious confusion and serious conditions, soaked in warm water at 40 degrees.
(6), loss of consciousness, artificial respiration, warm water below 40 degrees from the anal colon lavage directly re-centered review.
(7) Do not drink alcohol and do not massage limbs
The first outdoor element is safety
The importance of outdoor safety is well known
Learn to identify and prevent risks
Can be calmly dealt with when faced with danger
Help yourself or help others
I hope ALICE can enjoy happiness from outdoor sports
And don't hurt in outdoor sports!
Huaao Outdoor Center takes the national fitness and beautiful China as the main line, relying on the State Sports General Administration and the nation’s first-line media resources, specializing in sports tourism planning and planning for cities, scenic spots, sports bases, etc., and stimulating brand communication through competition events. , To create a national sports tourism demonstration bases in the industry, to help promote the integration of sports tourism culture development.
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