Petunia (also known as: petunia), perennial herb, often cultivated for one or two years; high 20-45 cm; stems grow, have sticky villous; leaves soft, oval, but short How to grow cattle, the following is the finishing of Xiaobian for you, I hope to be useful to you.
Planting technique of petunia
Sowing seedling
Under the conditions of protected areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the petunia can be planted all year round. Because the general flowering period is controlled on May 1st and National Day, the sowing time is broadcast in the autumn from October to November and in the spring from June to July. Pack the medium before sowing, pour the water, spray the wet seeds after the spray, the seeds can not cover any medium, otherwise it will affect the germination. After the sowing, the medium temperature was kept at 22 to 24 ° C, and the seedlings were emerged in 4 to 7 days. After the first pair of true leaves appeared, apply a nitrogen fertilizer solution with a concentration of 50×10-6, and pay attention to ventilation, and the seedlings can gradually see the light. When 2 to 3 pairs of true leaves appear in the seedlings, the medium temperature can be lowered to 18-20 ° C, and every 0.1 to 10 days, 0.1% urea solution or 0.1% compound fertilizer solution of NPK 15-15-15 is applied. At this stage, attention should be paid to ventilation to prevent disease, and 800-1000 times of chlorothalonil or methyl thiophanate should be sprayed every 1 week or so. When there are 3 pairs of true leaves in the plant, the root system is well formed, and the temperature, humidity and fertilization requirements are the same as before, and ventilation and disease prevention work should be paid attention to.
Transplanting basin
The seedlings were seeded with 288 wells, and the autumn sowing was directly transferred into the nutrient meal of 13 cm diameter. The spring sowing was generally only transferred to the nutrient meal of 10 cm diameter. It can also be planted on the seedbed before being transferred to the nutrient bowl. (1) Light adjustment. The summer production of petunia is more resistant to high temperatures. Generally, it is only shaded and sown for a few days after transplanting, and no sunshade is needed throughout the growing season. (2) Temperature control. The temperature of the petunia after transplantation is controlled at about 20 °C, not lower than 15 °C. If the temperature is too low, it will delay flowering or even flowering. In actual production, it is required that the National Day flowering should be carried out in the greenhouse to avoid flowering due to low temperature before the National Day; if it is required to bloom in May 1st, it can also be produced in the open field, but it must be ensured that the winter frost does not directly fall in the On the leaves, otherwise the leaves will appear white spots, affecting the viewing effect. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, generally cultivated facilities are used.
Cultivation management
Watering always follows the principle of not pouring, pouring and pouring. In the summer, potted flowers are produced. In the early stage of seedling growth, thin fertilizer should be applied. The fertilizer should have high nitrogen and potassium content, phosphorus should be low, nitrogen should be urea, and compound fertilizer should be 15-15-15 or nitrogen. Potassium is high, the concentration is controlled at 0.1% to 0.2%, and the water-soluble fertilizer is generally selected from 20-10-20 and 14-0-14, and the concentration is 50×10-6～100×10-6. In the winter, potted flowers are produced. In March and April, compound fertilizer is applied diligently. According to the growth situation, nitrogen fertilizer should be properly applied. Petunia production is generally not treated with topping, but it needs to be topped once in summer. Petunia is more resistant to pruning. If it fails in the first pruning, it can be trimmed again. After changing the pot, it can be applied with thin fertilizer and properly maintained. Generally, it does not affect the quality and can still be sold.
Seedling technology
After the final frost is planted in the open field, after 6 days, 6 to 8 large branches can be cultivated, the number of leaves is more than 50, some varieties reach hundreds, and at least one large seedling of flowers is opened. If planted in April, it can bloom for more than 60 days. Some hybrid varieties are not as resistant to adverse environmental conditions as they are during seeding and emergence, so attention must be paid to the control of environmental conditions during sowing. The seeding rate per square meter of seedbed is about 1.5 grams, such as using expensive seeds, no more than 1.2 grams. Since the seeds are extremely small, the seeds should be mixed with 30 to 50 times of fine soil or fine sand and then re-sowed. Cover the fine soil 0.2 cm after sowing to prevent hanging the seed buds. The thin cover soil has a higher emergence rate than the uncovered soil.
When the seeds are germinated and unearthed, the temperature is controlled at 20 to 24 °C, and the single seed of the seed is dried for 4 to 5 days. When there is a true leaf transplant, it is best to transplant only once, and grow into a seedling with a container having a diameter of 7 to 8 cm. If you need to colonize the seedlings that have been flowering and grow a lot, you can first move into the 72-well tray and finally use a plastic pot with a diameter of 13 cm or slightly to form a seedling. During the day, the optimum temperature for seedlings is about 23 °C, the seedling period is 27-28 °C, and the nighttime is 13-15 °C. When nursery is raised in the protected area, the petunia should be placed in the best light, with sufficient light and flat blades. Under low-temperature and short-day conditions, the stems and leaves grow lush, and the flower buds are quickly formed at the top of the stems and leaves under long-day conditions. The most suitable soil pH is 6.0 to 6.5. The soil should be kept moist and the humidity should be too high. The spring seedlings are cooled 5 to 7 days before planting, and the ventilation is gradually increased and the water is moderately controlled to carry out the seedlings.
Production technology
Large-scale plug-in production technology: It is the best choice for large-scale tray cultivation for growers who use plant growth regulators to supplement their seedlings without filling light.
Large size tray size: 72 holes or larger. "Purple Waves" and Lavender Waves: Sowing flowers in a 50-hole large tray.
Sowing: Seed directly in large plugs or seed in 512 or 406 wells and transplant to large plugs. Note: If you are planting directly, observe the conditions required for germination.
Photoperiod: When the plant has 5 true leaves or earlier, long days of sunshine (length of sunshine is extended to 14 hours or supplemented with 4 hours of light at night). Long days of sunshine were given until the number of leaves of the plant reached 12 pieces. (About 6 to 7 weeks after sowing, 12 true leaves can be grown. However, depending on soil temperature conditions, if it is transplanted from a small tray to a large plug, it may take 9 weeks to produce 12 true leaves).
Growth Regulators: The specific cultivation arrangements for the application of growth regulators in petunia in the “May 1st†cultivation of large-scale plugs are as follows:
Week 3: 5000 ppm of B9 was applied.
Week 4: 5000 ppm of B9 was applied.
Weeks 5-6: A mixture of 50 to 60 ppm of Bonzi or 30 ppm of Bonzi and 2,500 ppm of B9 was sprayed.
In low-cold, low-light conditions, large-scale plugs are used, and it takes 7 weeks from sowing to flowering. Other environmental conditions are the same as those for ordinary Petunia potted plants.
Note: If the potted seedlings are rooted, the plant growth is slow. If the root is transplanted, it will be restored for about 1 to 2 weeks. Make sure that the roots of the plants have enough room for growth.
Continue to grow to seedlings:
Container Specifications: The diameter of the container is approximately 10 cm or more. Planting a plant in each pot of 10-15 cm pots: When planting 25 cm pots, "purple petunia" or "soft lavender waves" are planted in 3 pots per pot; "pink waves" or "rose red" are planted in each basket 4 Strain.
Matrix: Use well-drained, disease-free soil with a pH of 5.5-6.3 as the substrate and a medium-fertilizer base fertilizer.
Temperature: night: 13 to 16 ° C, day: 16 to 18 ° C. If the adaptability is good, the "Wave" series of petunias can withstand low temperatures of a few degrees Celsius.
Photoperiod / Illumination:
Flower Bud Formation: The "Wave" series of petunias are long-day plants. "Purple Waves", "Pink Waves", "Rose Red Waves" and "Lavender Waves" flower buds require more than 13 hours of sunshine per day: under short daylight conditions, plants do not flower or delay flowering. “Soft Lavender Waves†are not as sensitive to long-term sunshine and require 12 hours of sunshine hours. When the plant has 5 true leaves or earlier, it starts to give long-day conditions. Long-distance sunshine is continued after the plants are transplanted until the plants have at least 12 tablets. In short days and conditions, the flowering time can be shortened by continuous light filling, such as extending the length of daytime sunshine or performing nighttime light filling (from 10:00 pm to 2:00 am the next day). Incandescent light supplementation can effectively promote flower bud formation, but plants grown under incandescent light are prone to lengthening and require more plant growth regulators to control plant height. Incandescent plants with incandescent lamps are affected by incandescent lighting. Buds grow more erect than buds in short-day conditions because they affect the branching of the entire plant, especially the "pink waves", "rose red waves" and "Gentle lavender waves." In the garden, the plants grow under natural light, and the plants recover their scorpion characteristics. Give the plant as much light as possible while maintaining the proper temperature. The application of strong light or plant growth regulators can result in "white spots" or star-like patterns on the "soft lavender waves" of flowers.
Application: The "wave" series of petunias requires more fertilizer than ordinary petunia. A balanced nutrient fertilizer is applied for each irrigation to achieve the best results. “Pink Wave†and “Soft Lavender Wave†need to be applied 300-400ppm. For customers to achieve satisfaction, the appropriate amount of slow-acting fertilizer can be applied 10 days before transportation.
Plant Growth Regulators: To increase the branching of the "Wave" series of Petunia 15 cm pots, Pan American uses growth regulators to regulate them. When the potted plants are flowering, the crown width reaches 25 to 30 cm. In the best viewing effect, the potted "Lavender Wave", "Pink Wave", "Rose Red Wave" and "Soft Lavender Wave", "Pink Wave", "Rose Red Wave" and "Soft Lavender Wave" "The flower cluster is tight.
15 cm potted
3000 to 5000 ppm of B-9 solution was sprayed once every 7 to 10 days after transplanting. Use it again after 7 days. 5 ppm of Bonzi was sprayed 3 to 4 weeks after transplantation or when the crown width was the same as the bowl diameter. After the visible buds appeared, a 30 ppm Bonzi spray was applied. The slightly dry conditions of the seedling stage will make the "wave" series more compact; it can be watered when the plants are slightly wilting. If the plants are too tightly potted, plant growth regulators are often used more. High temperature or humid cultivation environments make it necessary to use more growth regulators to promote plant growth.
Cultivate history
After the petunia was bred in 1835 by William Herbert, in 1849 there was a double-petal petunia breed. In 1876, a series of tetraploid large flower petunias was developed through natural mutation. In 1879, the dwarf florets were soon introduced. In 1930, the petunia breed of hybrid 1 generation was bred. It has been bred to resist heat, rain and disease. Petunia has become the main potted flower and decorative plant in the world. Petunia is very common in the United States. It is commonly used in window landscaping and urban landscape layout. The scale and quantity of its production ranks second in American flower beds and garden plants. In Europe, Italy, France, Spain, the Netherlands and Germany, petunia is widely used for street beautification and home decoration. In Japan, petunias are commonly used in the arrangement of various planting troughs and in the landscape configuration of public places.
Flower meaning
Petunia flower is peace of mind: 1. A sense of security, with your heart. 2. I feel warm when I have you.
The flower language of white petunia is present; the flower language of purple petunia is a broken heart.
Ornamental bonsai
Suitable for indoor planting, or hanging potted plants. Petunia glory is rich in color and rich in color. It is a decorative flower with strong growth, and it can also be used for annual breeding. It can be widely used in flower beds, flower arrangements, sights, window sills, and home decoration.
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