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Recently, a new study in Cell magazine compared the ways in which hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia cells consume nutrients, and found that cancer cells cannot tolerate changes in their energy supply compared to normal cells. These results suggest that there may be ways to target leukemia metabolism to promote cancer cell death without damaging other cell types.
A team led by scientists from Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology compared the way in which hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia cells consume nutrients in a new study, and found that cancer cells cannot tolerate their energy compared to normal cells. The supply has changed. These results suggest that there may be ways to target leukemia metabolism to promote cancer cell death without damaging other cell types. The researchers published their research in the journal Cell.
Dr. David Scadden, a senior author of the paper and a professor of medicine at Harvard University, said: "A few decades ago, people knew that cancer cells use energy differently than most cell types. So we thought, maybe hematopoietic stem cells and their There may be some metabolic differences between direct offspring; then are they so different from cancer that you can use something to manipulate energy, affecting only cancer without damaging normal cells?"
Scadden's team initially tested hematopoietic stem cells and their immediate offspring, hematopoietic progenitors, which have a relatively limited ability to differentiate. The researchers changed the way cells take up nutrients in two ways: by glucose on-off switch and by fine-tuning, raising or lowering glucose, like a volume dial. Researchers have found that shutting down the glucose switch can lead to stem cell death, while up-regulating the glucose volume of the turntable can affect the normal energy production of the offspring cells, making it shift in some ways to a good condition.
Scadden said: "This is an interesting difference between the two cell types. They have very different functions, and you can imagine that they will use their nutrients in very different ways, and no one has ever stated it before. â€
The researchers then introduced genes that were destroyed to cause carcinogenesis of the parental hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny cells, allowing the cancer cells to undergo the same glucose treatment as normal cells. The team found that leukemia cells are sensitive to glucose on-off switches and volume dials, regardless of which cell they start with.
Ying-Hua Wang, the first author of the paper and a postdoctoral fellow at Scadden Labs, said: "Some drugs that kill cancer cells and poison healthy cells are one of the main obstacles to cancer treatment. In the study, we found a way to distinguish the sensitivity between normal cells and malignant cells, and proposed a potential therapeutic perspective."
"Cell cancers are not like normal cells in many ways," Scadden said. "One of them is that cancer cells are locked in a specific way of behavior. These cells handle glucose in such a strange way that they create a unique intervention opportunity. Normal cells are not destroyed because they properly have other energy mechanisms."
Some private companies have been developing drugs that target cancer metabolism, but mainly for solid tumors. Scadden hopes that this research will open the door for industrial partners and generate some new therapies. More research is needed in the future to determine whether there is a similar difference in metabolic sensitivity between non-hematologic cancers.
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