The characteristics of the three-dimensional printing are: the pattern of the printed fabric has a fascinating three-dimensional sense, which is resistant to washing and rubbing.
The printing method and the process and equipment used for three-dimensional printing are similar to ordinary paint printing. The main difference is that the printing color paste contains microcapsule preparation or foaming agent. Therefore, during post-printing heat treatment, the pattern can quickly expand and bulge, forming a gorgeous appearance Three-dimensional shape. There are various types of three-dimensional printing, including velvet printing and foam printing. The foaming technology and the three-dimensional pattern formed by the two are very different. Under the microscope observation, the pile printing surface is piled with countless tiny soap bubble-like ball shapes, while the foam printing is in the shape of a bee cake. Therefore, the velvet printing product has a unique velvet embroidery effect, while the foam printing product has a vivid relief effect.
The printing paste for pile printing is composed of microcapsule preparation, adhesive, crosslinking agent, urea, paint, thickener or water. The microcapsules are small hollow spheres with a particle size of about 50 / um. The capsule wall is composed of a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile (about 2: 1), and the capsule core contains a low boiling point like petroleum ether. Organic solvent. The microcapsules are dispersed in an emulsified body such as polymethacrylic acid. The above-mentioned solvent vaporizes rapidly at high temperature, like blowing soap bubbles, which expands the volume of the microcapsules, and the enlarged microcapsules squeeze each other together, thus forming a pile-like overlapping distribution. Therefore, this foaming method belongs to physical foaming.
Generally, the emulsion mainly composed of polybutyl acrylate, or the copolymer of acrylate and butyl acrylate, or the copolymer emulsion of methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, and acrylamide is an adhesive for pile printing. If you want to improve the rigidity of the three-dimensional printing pattern, you can use ethyl acrylate and styrene copolymer emulsion. If necessary, a crosslinking agent can also be added. The amount of paint should not be too much, otherwise, after the microcapsules are expanded, the paint accumulated between the microcapsules will have an adverse effect on the velvet feeling.
Flat mesh printing with a mesh size of 27.6 to 35.4 meshes / cm (70 to 90 mesh) is most suitable for pile printing. After printing, it is dried at about 70 ℃, and heat-treated by heat source such as hot air, hot plate, hot roller or infrared lamp at 100-140 ℃ for 30-60s. The effect of blowing the printed surface of fabric with hot air is the best. In order to prevent hindering puffing, when foaming with hot plates or hot rollers, it is advisable to contact the heat source with the back of the fabric. The shortcomings of velvet printed fabrics are: ironing after washing, otherwise, the microcapsules disappear and the velvet feels like nothing. Such fabrics are also easily stained. The remedy is to add a coating agent.
Foam printing agent is to mix a foaming agent with appropriate film-forming agent, cross-linking agent, emulsifying paste and coloring agent, and print on the fabric. After printing, the foaming agent thermally decomposes during high-temperature treatment, so a large amount of gas is generated, causing the film-forming agent to expand slightly to form a film, and the gas released by the foaming agent is contained in the film, so that a new and innovative Three-dimensional pattern. This kind of foam printing is chemical foam.
The commonly used blowing agent is called azodicarbonamide. It is a light yellow crystalline powder, insoluble in water. 64% of its decomposition products are solid and 36% are gas, and the gas is composed of nitrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Adding urea, depending on the amount of urea, can reduce the decomposition temperature of azodicarbonamide from 200 ~ C to 180 ℃ or even 150 ℃. Azobisisobutyronitrile is white crystal, insoluble in water, and can also be used as a foaming agent, its decomposition temperature is only 90 ~ 115 ℃. However, its decomposition products contain toxic tetramethyl succinonitrile, so its application is limited. Foam printing paste is generally composed of polystyrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate and acrylamide copolymer emulsion, azodicarbonamide, urea, surfactant, thickener or water and colorant. Among them, polystyrene (or polyvinyl chloride) -based film-forming bodies, but poor adhesion to fabrics, therefore, rely on the synergistic effect of acrylic copolymers.
The printing is performed on the cold platen. According to the size of the pattern, 11-14 mesh nylon screen is adopted for the screen. After printing, hot air drying at about 80 ℃. The foaming conditions are preferably 180 to 185 ° C, about 100s. The disadvantage of foam printed fabrics is easy to stain and sticky, suitable for small areas.
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