Map and compass orientation are the most accurate ways to find your own path during the selection process. but,
As mentioned above, during the selection process, it is possible to misuse the compass (or even maps), so learning some basic knowledge of survival and orientation may help you to reach a safe place, if not the next concentration. But the bigger benefit of survival orientation is that it helps you to use the map and the compass as a guide. It can help you know the direction at a glance and speed up your journey.
Among the two survival orientation techniques, the most accessible tools are trees and vegetation. For example, in the wilderness area of ​​Blake Lighthouse, the growth pattern of vegetation is unique, so it can give us some useful instructions for determining direction. Before participating in the selection, ask some people who are familiar with the area (such as mountain rescue organizations or mountaineering clubs) about the wind direction in the area. Trees that are isolated or on the high ground are affected by these winds. If the wind is mainly blown from the southwest, the trees will bend northeastwards, and so on. (But be careful, don't misread some of the signals - the wind direction of the place where the trees are growing may also change due to the influence of the surrounding valleys or hillsides.) The reeds and flowers also like to grow in the downwind direction of the plant, which is the side that the plant shelters. . Mosses usually grow on the northern side of the rock because they do not like heat and sunlight, and they thrive in dark and wet areas.
Some other useful signals for plant localization are that in the UK, the sun is usually just south. (This is in itself a good indicator of whether or not your direction is correct - if you want to go north, but the sun shines on your face, then obviously you have chosen the wrong direction). For plants, branches and leaves usually grow in the direction of the sun, and it is useful to know this. Branches that grow horizontally from the side of bare trees usually point to the south. (To check this, look at the tallest branches. They usually almost always grow in the direction of the sun.)
There are also other techniques that use the sun to measure East and West lines more accurately. Two of the most common techniques worth noting are the shadow and stick methods, watch methods. The former is relatively simple, but it must rely on strong and continuous sunlight to be effective. (This is obviously not guaranteed in this part of Wales.) Put a stick about 1 meter long on the ground and put a stone on the top of the shadow. Then wait 10 minutes until the sun has some movement in the sky. Put another stone on the new top of the shadow. A line is drawn between these two stones so that an east-west axis is obtained. By intersecting this line with a proper angle, a north-south axis can be obtained. Therefore, on the ground, a basic compass point has been drawn, which will give a reasonable direction for finding directions.
The watch method is better, mainly because it is faster. (In the selection process, you cannot wait for 10 minutes.) And the machine that calculates the direction is on your wrist - unless you wear an electronic watch. Point the hour hand at the sun. The real South is in the middle of this direction and at 12 o'clock. (Note: This watch technique is only valid in the northern hemisphere. In the southern hemisphere, 12 o'clock itself refers to the sun, so the real north is at the middle of the 12 o'clock and the hour hand)
In the end, the two survival discrimination orientation methods obviously depend on a key factor, namely daytime. Because the selection process will also allow you to continue in the dark at many times, there should be some other method. Therefore, you need to replace the sun with other stars. The use of stars to identify directions is very useful in the selection process. It is not entirely because there is no pollution in the mountains and the visibility of the stars is high—it also depends on the weather. In the Northern Hemisphere, the most valuable guidance is undoubtedly Polaris. You can use the Big Dipper and Cassiopeia to find Polaris. Polaris will point out the North without fail, no matter where you are in the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, Polaris can be used as a useful fixed guide marker for the night period during the selection process.
Another way to use the stars to identify orientation is to focus on the direction of the stars. To do this, you need to find a place that can sit relatively still. From this position, select two horizontal directions or a fixed point at the top of you. Look at these two points and pay attention to the position of the stars and their relative relationship in about 10 minutes. The movement of the stars with reference to these two points will tell you an approximate direction of orientation:
Rising stars: Orient
Falling Stars: Western
Turn to the right: South
Turn left star: North
Obviously, all these methods of survival are not completely reliable, so be careful. However, remember that these methods can help you speed up the overall process of identifying and positioning, so that you continue to move toward the next important collection.
Moon orientation
Although the stars may be the most accurate object that can help you locate and locate at night, the moon can also give you some convenient directions. In addition, the greater brightness of the moon means that it can even be seen through ordinary clouds, and the stars are completely invisible in this case.
The direction of the moon guide is just a general direction. However, as its relation to the sun changes, its circular orbit can create different modes of illumination on its surface. It is its illumination mode and visual time that provide us with a reference for positioning. At the end of the day, if the moon rises before the sun completely falls, its bright side will face the west. At midnight, the bright side is facing the east. The month of the moon can also help to identify some orientations. In my heart, Imagine a line drawn across the tip of the moon, intersecting the horizon. In the northern hemisphere, the intersection with the horizon is true north; if you are in the southern hemisphere, then the intersection is just south.
Kits - Content and Processing
If you only wear lightweight physical training suits and training shoes, but carry all the combat equipment - combat boots, crushed dead packs, rifles, then you have a list of suffering, this is a special airline selection process. The most difficult request. The proper handling and selection of toolboxes is essential to assist you in the success of your selection. A special airline regiment said that one of the candidates who participated in the selection was wearing a new pair of boots and a pair of nylon socks. As a result, improperly dressed boots and socks, his feet grind a lot of large and frightening blisters, and he was soon eliminated. Such an example tells everyone a simple truth, that is, you must think about what you want to bring before you participate in the selection. Only when you are well-prepared, you will be rewarded when you train.
Dress
Like the poor example of choosing boots we just mentioned, dress preparation is best started with shoes. For example, it is not wise to bring only one pair of shoes. It's best to bring two pairs of good quality boots - with combat boots, plus two pairs of training shoes for training near Herford. Shoes are the most important equipment in your kit. At the same time, because you have to march long distances, you must protect these shoes. It's best to put a nice tarpaulin inside and grind it into leather. What needs special emphasis is that after the shoes are soaked, they must be properly dried in a timely manner. (It is common to wet shoes during the selection process.) The worst consequences of wet shoes can be avoided by wearing waterproof gaiters—the whole boots or the half-length leggings. The leggings of the entire boot are best because this prevents water from penetrating into the boot when crossing the river. However, some parts of the boots are still wet. Therefore, they must be slowly baked in the sun or artificial heat source. (At the same time, stuff the newspapers in your boots so that you can suck out the moisture.) Don't put them on strong heat sources—this will probably lead to cracking of the leather. At the same time, remember to let the shoelace dry. (There are more pairs of shoelaces in your kit). Bring a pair of good-quality wool socks and change them regularly, especially if you feel like you have to blisters.
Next is the overall dress. In a sense, you have no choice at this point, because the special air force regiment uses conventional DPM British Army uniforms, so your uniform is the same as someone else's. However, you should pay special attention to the material of your clothing. As we climb up and down the difficult long march in the Welsh mountains, maintaining body temperature is critical. As it is completely open, any seasonal things may come to your head. If you feel very hot, you may have to retire (or worse) because of heat stroke. If you feel too cold, you may start to heat up. (These two problems may even appear in the same kind of training - for example, if you feel too hot in winter and sweat a lot, once you stop sweating, the sweat in your clothes will be cold, and suddenly cause damage related to cold. And disease).
The key thing to remember is to wear enough mezzanine so that you can control your body temperature more properly. There are many thin sandwiches that are warmer than thick sandwiches, so make sure you can wear proper clothing according to your physical condition (more on dealing with health issues in the next chapter). First wear a basic layer like a T-shirt. Some people say that cotton is good, but cotton t-shirts absorb sweat like sponges, which increases the risk of frostbite in cold weather. If you can do that, buy some modern civilian climbing equipment that will “suck†sweat away.
Next, wear a fine sweater and put on the outermost DPM jacket. If necessary, add a tarpaulin. There are several important parts that must be kept in mind when not wearing a dress combination. Most of your body's heat is emitted from the ends of your hands and feet - head, hands, and feet. It is important to ensure the warmth of these areas during the winter. However, it is strange that a lot of heat can also be dissipated through the open, swinging cuffs, the waistband of the jacket, and the ankles of the pants. If possible, you should use buttons or rubber bands as tight as possible to tie these places together, or put a rubber band in your kit to prepare for your needs. Just like boots, make sure your clothing is still intact. Once it is broken, it needs to be repaired immediately. At the same time, it must be kept as clean as possible. Dirty clothes can't be as effective as clean clothes. Hang wet clothes on branches or dry them on dry, warm rocks.
Backpack
The rucksack is of course the burden of the British Army. The rucksack was indeed a very uncomfortable monster. Since it was introduced into the special air service mission in the Malaysian campaign, members of the generations had to struggle with this painful burden. In the end, most of the uncomfortable sources - the hard metal "A" rucksack - were cancelled in the 1980s, and the softer "Cyclops" and "Crusaders" rucksacks were equipped to special air missions.
Reading any story about the survival of a special air crew will inevitably lead to the complete reliance on the backpack. The standard belt kit contains survival tools, but on the battlefield, only the rucksack has what soldiers can use to survive relatively comfortably. However, the excessive fighting and survival equipment carried by special forces means that the contents of the rucksack will increase to scary weight. You have to be able to carry this weight - anything about 40 kg - which will test you in the selection of this ability, and you have the ability to operate these instruments in endurance training.
The tarps and tent rolls must be placed on top of the rucksack that is most easily accessible. If the clothes are really wet, try to dry them at each of the main test sites. Whenever you feel wet, you need to change your socks, or if you have severe blisters, you need to change them regularly.
The primary skill in handling rucksacks is to pack and unpack them. The worst way is to throw everything you need into your bag. There is no structural concept of putting something in a specific place. This often leads to wasted time and damage to instruments and clothing that you can avoid. The first rule is that you should put frequently needed things, such as food bags and cooking utensils, in the side pockets of the rucksack that are easily available. On the other hand, you only use one or two things in a day, such as a sleeping bag, on the bottom of the bag. Use raincoats on the top cover so that you can get it out quickly when heavy rain comes.
The rucksack is made of waterproof material, but this does not mean that the inside can completely avoid being affected by the heavy rain. Put the contents in several separate, solid plastic bags so things don't get wet at once. This is very important for things like sleeping bags, because once these things are completely saturated, they will be completely destroyed.
When carrying out a mission, the types of items that may be carried by special airline crews, with the exception of submachine guns and air-defense missiles, are mostly standard equipment with a total weight of approximately 36-40 kg. The "stinger" missile system also adds 15 kilograms to the total weight.
(Item names, from top to bottom, from left to right) Bergen canvas rucksack, air defense missile, silencer submachine gun
Klaymoor mines, radios, maps and compasses, first aid kits, knives, lifesaving kits, flashlights, wire, lifesaving bags
After you have installed a full backpack, you will have to carry it back. Use the first few days of the selection process to adjust to your backpack and keep adjusting until you feel comfortable. Pay attention to where there is friction (these places are likely to become blisters during endurance training), the arms have no feeling of numbness (belt may be too tight), and then adjust, such as cushioning the rucksack, until you feel Best for you.
With regard to the correct way of carrying the back pack, the best position is to place the backpack on the back, with a slightly heavier weight distribution on the shoulders than on the buttocks. Also make sure that the weight is in the middle. Getting the rucksack too high means that your legs are subject to more tension and therefore will reduce the risk of injuries to the back due to leaning of the long straps. Also, pay attention to your running skills - use big strides, jump-steps, to prevent "back rucksack" pain on your shoulders after a mile or a mile.
If you handle the rucksack well and wrap it with your brain, this will make the canvas rucksack your friend, not the enemy. However, when you walk 20 miles on a rugged mountain trail against a fierce wind, it will be an indisputable fact that the rucksack will be a thing that afflicts you.
To be continued...
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