1 Comparison of planer and rotary cutter
The wood planer is the main equipment for the production of veneers and meager wood. According to the direction of movement of the planing knife relative to the horizontal plane, the wood planing machine can be divided into two types: vertical and horizontal; according to the direction of the cutting direction, the machine is divided into vertical or parallel with respect to the length direction of the wood fiber, and the cutting machine can be divided into two. Horizontal planer and longitudinal planer. The modern size of the planer is only 1/3 of that of the previous planer. It is compact in structure, light in weight, easy to install and debug. It can be continuously produced, saves time for loading wood, and has high production efficiency. The work is extremely stable and almost listens. No noise. The rotary cutter is also one of the main equipment for producing veneers, and in a sense, it is used more widely than the planer. Rotary cutting machine can be divided into two types: concentric rotary cutting and eccentric rotary cutting according to whether the wood segment rotates around its own axis. The concentric rotary cutting machine is further divided into a card shaft rotary cutting machine and a non-card shaft rotary cutting machine. Eccentric rotary cutting can achieve a beautiful radial pattern, but the productivity is lower than concentric rotation. Rotary cutting machines are generally large in size and complex in structure. Before the machine is installed, the logs are centered. If the centering is not accurate, the continuous veneer strips or narrow veneers will be unscrewed when the rotary cutting starts. The more broken boards or narrow single boards, the more sapwood boards are lost, which is not conducive to continuous production. The logs are curved, the sections are irregular, and the ends of the ends (tips) are easy to cause the unscrewed veneers to be broken veneers, which wastes wood. And when the diameter of the log is reduced to a certain extent, it can no longer continue to cut (that is, the remaining wood core causes wood waste). The disadvantage of the planer is that the width of the sliced ​​veneer is narrow, generally 300 rnm has special requirements. 4 low speed, high torque. Compared with electromagnetic motors, the most notable feature of ultrasonic motors is the characteristic of large torque output at low speeds. The torque density (torque weight ratio) of the ultrasonic motor is 100 to 1000 times the torque density of the electromagnetic motor. 5 The structure is simple and flexible, and the movement forms are diverse. The ultrasonic motor generally consists of two parts: a stator and a rotor (or a moving body), and it is very convenient to integrate the stator and the rotor of the motor with the fixed part and the moving part in the motion system, respectively. Ultrasonic motors are available in a variety of flexible configurations such as rings, discs, squares, cylinders and spheres, and are very easy to implement in many forms of motion, such as rotational motion, linear motion, two-dimensional planar motion, and three-dimensional motion. 6 life, noise and reliability issues. Since most of the driving of the ultrasonic motor is contact type, this inevitably brings about frictional loss between the stator and the rotor. At present, the continuous working life of the developed low-power ultrasonic motor is generally several thousand hours. The short life of the ultrasonic motor, poor reliability, and unstable operation are the problems that need to be solved urgently for its practical and industrialization. However, in some occasions with special work properties or special requirements for motors, ultrasonic motors can still give full play to the advantages of high torque density, flexible structure, no electromagnetic interference and large static holding torque. Ultrasonic motors are widely used in aerospace, precision machining equipment, automotive industry, scientific instruments or medical instruments, precision instruments, office automation equipment, micro-machinery, military industry and semiconductor processing industries with strong magnetic fields or magnetic fields. . Left and right or narrower, all need to be spliced, the utilization rate of wood is low, and the productivity of cutting is only about 10% of the rotary cutting; the current cutting machine only cuts the thin wood.
2 Comparison of rotary cut veneer and sliced ​​veneer
Veneer processing is an important process for the production of artificial boards such as plywood and veneer lumber (LVL). At present, the two main methods of veneer processing at home and abroad are rotary cutting and planing, and the corresponding processing of the veneer is called rotary cutting. Veneer and sliced ​​veneer. The thickness of the rotary cut veneer and the sliced ​​veneer depends on the process specifications of the respective machine. The thickness of the rotary-cut veneer in China is about 0.25-5.5mm. The thickness of the rotary-cut veneer of foreign special-purpose rotary cutting machine can be up to 12mm; the thickness of sliced ​​veneer varies widely, which is 0. 2~lOmm. At present, the thickness of the veneers manufactured by the rotary cutting machine is mostly above lmm and below 3 mm. The thickness uniformity of the veneers in this range is good, and the process of sizing in the process of producing plywood is convenient and difficult to penetrate. The rotary cut veneer has a large format and a beautiful chord pattern. Nowadays, with the improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for quality of life are getting higher and higher. In order to make full use of high-quality wood, the veneer (also known as thin wood) is currently used in a planing process. The sliced ​​veneer is beautiful and realistic, and is suitable for parquet patterns, plywood and veneering of furniture and construction parts. Planed thin wood (single board) has the following advantages and is favored: 1 sliced ​​veneer not only has the chord-like texture of the rotary-cut veneer, but also the beautiful and natural wood that is not available in the rotary-cut veneer. And the radial texture and radius-to-texture with the smallest shrinkage. 2 Because the longitudinal cutting is along the length direction of the wood fiber, the veneer crack caused by the transverse cutting is avoided, and the transverse tensile strength of the sliced ​​veneer is higher than that of the rotary veneer, and there is almost no back crack and plate crack. Not only the thickness is uniform, but also the smoothness is very good. It can directly decorate the veneer without sanding, thus improving the strength and surface quality of the veneer. 3 Compared with sawing and rotary cutting veneers, the thickness of sliced ​​veneers is more than 0.2mm, which is convenient for the development of micro-wood. It can more effectively use precious rare wood and expand the use area of ​​precious high-quality wood.
Rotary cut veneers are generally used to produce plywood and veneer lumber; while planed veneers are generally thin and can be applied to the surface of board, medium density fiberboard and plywood, and are high-end furniture, musical instruments and buildings. The main material of the decoration is also the main material for the surface of the secondary processing of the wood-based panel. Both the rotary cut veneer and the sliced ​​veneer can be used as decorative materials. Generally, there are two types of cut wood grain and string cut wood grain, but the cut wood grain is more acceptable than the string cut wood grain. With the maturity of veneer lumber production technology, it has been widely used in construction, furniture and vehicle and ship manufacturing industries. The use of thick veneers for the manufacture of veneer lumber is advantageous for the production process and cost reduction. Due to the increase in the thickness of the veneer, such as the production of LvL with the same thick solidity, the number of veneers can be reduced, thereby reducing the amount of veneer coating and reducing environmental pollution. Glue is harmful to the human body). In addition, the time for pre-compression, hot pressing, and blanking is greatly reduced, and productivity is improved. Japan's Kimi Sasuke and others have done a useful test and research on thick veneer rotary cutting. The thickness of the veneer in the test is lOmm, and the quality of the rotary cutting is better. Little research has been done on the cutting of thick veneers. According to German researchers, some trees can be sliced ​​to a thickness of 15 mm.
3 Ways to improve the quality of sliced ​​veneers and rotary cut veneers
3.1 Ways to improve the quality of sliced ​​veneers
1 Change the cutting movement mode of the cutting machine to make the tool reciprocate obliquely upwards and downwards with respect to the direction of the wood fiber. The actual (working) wedge angle of the cutting edge becomes smaller, the cutting resistance is reduced, the impact is not large, and the cutting is light and fast, which can improve the quality of the thin plate. .
2 When the wood ray is not developed, the wood cutting should be cut in accordance with the annual round; when the wood ray is developed, it should be cut in the reverse round. 3 When cutting, the blade is cut to reduce the vibration of the planer and the tearing of the veneer, thus improving the quality of the veneer.
4 The material of the tool must reach a certain hardness and toughness. The grinding angle of the tool should be different according to the tree species. In addition, the shape of the tool, the relative position of the tool and the pressure gauge also have a large effect on the quality.
3.2 Method for improving the quality of rotary cutting veneers
1 Master the cooking temperature of the wood section. 2 When using low-alloy tool steel tools, the surface must be treated to improve the hardness and toughness of the tool during rotary cutting; to ensure that the wedge angle, back angle and edge sharpness of the tool meet the requirements. In addition, the crushing rate of the inner and outer veneers and the tree species themselves are also important factors.
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