Nanotechnology is actually a technology that uses a single atom or molecular range substance. It belongs to a comprehensive subject with strong cross-cutting, and the research content involves a wide field of modern science and technology. So when nano encounters printing, it triggers a strong "chemical reaction."
The brush abandons the traditional photosensitive imaging idea, no dark box operation is needed and the plate making process is simple. This is the so-called nano image printing technology. After all, it is a new type of imprint transfer technology, which will be widely used in the processing of nano-concave patterns. Use a mold with a nano-concave image as a "printing plate", use a silicon or glass sheet coated with a polymer coating in advance as a substrate (printed object), and cooperate with the corresponding equipment and appliances to accurately imprint After setting, the mold is separated from the substrate. At this time, people will find that the nano-concavo-convex image present on the surface of the mold is transferred to the polymer film on the surface of the substrate without any errors. The transferred image has the same size as the concave and convex pattern on the surface of the mold, and the depth is the same. But the shape is just the opposite (yin to yang image), that is, the protrusion of the former is exactly where the latter is recessed, and vice versa.
Nano printing technology is not a printing technology in the traditional sense, but the so-called "soft printing" technology that has emerged in recent years. It breaks through the limits of today's printing accuracy and advances printing to the level of nano-processing. Therefore, the application of this technology is not only limited to the printing field, it will be able to affect many related fields. As a very practical application technology, it will show its unique technical advantages in the production of nanoelectronic devices, nanooptical elements, nanobiosensors and other functional graphics with nanostructures. There is no doubt that nano image printing technology will have a major impact on the accelerated development of IT and microelectronics industry, biological and life sciences, environment and new energy technologies.
Let me introduce you in detail, the support of nano image printing technology to other related industrial fields:
(1) Micro-contact printing technology (MCP)
That is, the organic polymer solution is used as ink, and the image part of the silicone rubber plate is coated, and the organic polymer at the protrusion of the plate is transferred to the surface of the printed substrate by the method of micro-contact printing. Due to the inventor's ingenious design, the organic polymer is firmly attracted to the surface of the substrate, forming a concave-convex image of molecular thickness. People call this technology micro-contact printing technology. It should be noted here that in the early experiments, the organic polymer ethanol solution with mercapto groups was used as the ink. The so-called substrate refers to a silicon sheet coated with a gold film on the surface. When people transfer the polymer solution containing mercapto groups on the silicone rubber plate to the gold film, a self-assembled monomolecular film image is formed. Mizutani and others from the Nanotechnology Research Department of the Japan Institute of Industrial Technology pointed out that in addition to organic polymer solutions containing sulfhydryl groups can be used as inks for microcontact printing, scientists have recently discovered aminosilanes with chemically active surfaces. It is also a very good performance ink. The image printed with this ink (the substrate is a mica sheet) was checked by atomic energy microscopy (AFM), and a large number of DNA molecules were adsorbed on the surface of the aminosilane image. It is believed that this is because the positive charge on the surface of the aminosilane and the negatively charged DNA molecules attract each other.
Micro-contact printing not only has the advantages of fast and cheap, but also does not require the harsh conditions of the clean room, or even an absolutely flat surface. Micro-contact printing is also suitable for a variety of different surfaces, with flexible and variable operating methods. The disadvantage of this method is that at the submicron scale, the diffusion of thiol molecules during printing will affect the contrast and make the printed pattern wider. By optimizing the immersion method and immersion time, especially controlling the amount and distribution of ink on the stamper, the diffusion effect can be reduced.
(2) Capillary Microstyling (MIMIC)
That is, the printing plate with the nano-concave image is placed on the surface of the substrate. At this time, the concave and convex portions of the printing plate image form a very thin gap (capillary) with the surface of the substrate, and then the liquid polymer is dropped on the silicone rubber printing plate. Due to capillary action, the liquid polymer enters these gaps by itself. If we cure the polymer in the gap and separate the two, we can obtain a fine nano-concave image. This technology can be widely used in the manufacturing field of optical components and the like.
(3) Micro-transfer styling (mTM)
That is, the prepolymer is used as an ink, applied to the depression of the silicone rubber plate, and the prepolymer is transferred to the surface of the substrate by transfer, and then heated and cured to form a nano-concave image. We call this printing method micro-transfer styling.
(4) Near-field phase conversion printing (PSL)
That is, after the photoresist coating is coated on the substrate, the image is transferred on the resist coating film with a silicone rubber mold, and it is used as a mask for contact exposure, such as contact exposure with ultraviolet light. Since the uneven pattern transferred by the silicone rubber mold induces phase conversion, it is possible to form an image. However, the prerequisite is that the size of the concave and convex parts of the image is smaller than the wavelength of the ultraviolet light, and the effect of the near-field light can make the image transfer become a reality. Recently, there are reports in the literature that this technique can form nano-images on the spherical surface.
In addition, nano image printing technology has penetrated into the field of electronics, and even exceeded the limit of microelectronics production accuracy (micron level), pushing electronics and printing to the microscopic nano-processing scale. For example, in the field of map printing and production, the application of nanotechnology—printing and production of micro-nano maps is gradually maturing. There is also the medical field. Medical researchers in the United States have begun to use nano-printing technology to fight cancer cells, and have made significant progress. They can use nanoparticles to create larger images. This result will enable scientists, medical professors and technical experts Need to accurately place particles less than 100 nanometers in the corresponding position.
This is the first time researchers have used a 60-nanometer particle print that is 330 million times smaller than a needle. If measured by the number of dots printed per square inch, this nano-printing technology can produce 100,000 dots, while the corresponding value of traditional offset printing is 1500 dots. Heck Wolf, a researcher in nano-composition technology at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, claimed that "this is by far the most reliable method of placing particles."
The researchers said that although this method has not been commercially available in recent years, it will have a significant impact on biomedical, electronics and information technology fields. Such as promoting the development of nanoscale biosensors in biology; nanowires that can be used to make more advanced computer chips in semiconductor technology. Wolf said, "We have been looking for a technology to generate such nanowires"; in medicine, nano-printing technology can use the form of drawings to show the exact location of cancer cells in patients.
It can be seen that nano printing technology has good development prospects in many industrial fields. Just like 3D printing technology, nano printing technology will also use its unique printing technology to bring new changes to our future life and work.
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