Sustainable development of green residential environment design

Living is one of the four major factors in human life. About two-thirds of a person’s life can be spent in residential and residential environments. Therefore, the environmental quality of residential areas has a great impact on people. . In recent years, with the improvement of people’s quality requirements for their living and living environment, coupled with the rise of global research on green design and sustainable development, their research results have also been applied to the design of human settlements environment to promote The concept of "green residential environment" and the development of design and practice work are undoubtedly of great significance to improving the environmental quality of residential areas and promoting urban modernization and sustainable development.

I. The concept of green residential environment and the basic conditions for its formation

As far as the green residential environment is concerned, it is a kind of urban human settlement environment that is guided, planned, constructed, operated and managed according to the basic principles of ecology. Since green means life and growth, it comes from nature, so green is a symbol of vitality and hope that people are longing for. For this reason, the meaning of the green residential environment can be understood as the life and vitality of the urban settlement environment. They are living spaces with optimized living conditions and enabling people to sustainably and healthyly develop in the residential environment. In addition, the green residential environment can also be understood as living in a place with low natural resource consumption, low energy consumption, no pollution, no pollution, high quality of residence with local characteristics, high performance, high quality of life, and cultural ambience. District environmental space places.
The concept of environmental concept in green residential areas will have a tremendous impact on the guiding ideology for the purpose of satisfying the basic needs of people's living, which has been established in the residential and residential environment for more than 50 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Towards the future, the construction of residential and residential areas in China will surely start with “improving the quality of living in residential areas” and strive to create a green residential environment guided by ecological principles. In addition, the residential area is an important part of a city, and its area often accounts for more than 30% of urban land. It can be seen that the environmental quality of residential areas will directly affect the quality of urban environmental quality. Judging from the environmental construction of green residential areas, the basic conditions for forming a green residential environment include the following aspects:
—— The green residential environment can provide the residents in the settlement with the overall ecological environment quality that meets the national standards, should have good sunshine, air and ventilation conditions, and be far from the sources of pollution and noise that release harmful gases;
- From the macro perspective, the green residential environment should also be a collection of various ecological factors, such as water, food, energy, land, climate, construction, transportation, location, etc., that can be used by people, as well as reflect The status quo of the district’s current situation is appropriate to the extent of human activities and attractiveness; if viewed from the micro level, the living conditions of green residential areas provide living people with differences in physical space, but in ecological terms Not much difference, and the ecological conditions provided to residents in each settlement are fair;
- Set up a green residential environment planning model to raise the environmental green space planning and design of residential areas to an unprecedented height. In the planning and layout of green space systems, attention should be paid to integrating them with systems such as housing, services, and transportation, and a simple calculation method for “green space indicators” should be changed.
- A certain proportion of "natural space" must be set aside in the green residential environment because it is the most effective ecological environment for regulating residential areas in the urban ecosystem. The ecological function of natural space is mainly reflected in the maintenance of water and soil, carbon fixation, oxygen production, maintaining the stability of atmospheric components, adjusting air temperature, increasing air humidity, improving residential climate, purifying air, collecting dust, and eliminating noise.
- The green residential environment respects and concerns the natural landscape, natural ecology, and species other than humans in the residential areas, and attaches importance to the biological diversity of the residential areas. In addition, the environment of the green residential area has little interference with the natural area, and uses natural resources such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and rainfall as much as possible to serve the residential environment. Secondly, various substances, including building materials, used in the green residential environment should have "green" characteristics that are harmless to the residents of nature and settlements;
All of these are the basic conditions for forming a green residential environment. We need our planning designers to update their concepts, grasp their main points, and apply them correctly in specific design practices.

II. Components and main features of environmental design in green residential areas

Judging from the elements of the environmental design of green residential areas, it is mainly composed of two parts of the living environment of urban humans and their human beings. Among them, the human living environment mainly includes natural environment, biological environment, physical environment and social environment. Aspect content. Specific to the green residential environment design practice, its design elements can be divided into indoor and outdoor parts.
People are the mainstay of the residential environment. Design must be based on people. To carry out the design practice of the future green residential environment, it is necessary to first grasp the characteristics of the environmental design of green residential areas and the principles that should be followed in the design practice. As the characteristics of the environmental design of green residential areas, it is mainly reflected in the aspects of sustainable characteristics, cyclic characteristics, times and cultural characteristics, that is:
1. Sustainable characteristics:
The sustainable development characteristics of the green residential environment mean that the design of the residential environment should meet the needs of the contemporary people while not compromising the needs of future generations and the possibility of choosing a lifestyle. Specifically, in respect of the planning and design of the plan, the layout of the plan, and the arrangement of various facilities, the natural attributes of the land and the environment and the dwellers should be respected, and the various relationships between the residential environment and the outdoor environment and the surrounding environment should be fully considered. , emphasizing the inseparability of human activities and the geographical location of the settlement environment. This will increase the attractiveness of the settlement and make it a stable and sustainable social cell.
2. Cyclic features:
This means that the energy, raw materials, and waste materials consumed in life and production activities in the green residential environment can be recycled and used for self-digestion and decomposition. That is to say, in the planning and design of residential quarters, each system can form an effective relative closed loop network in terms of energy utilization, material consumption, information transmission, and decomposition of pollutants. This will not cause pollution to the external area of ​​the settlement, and the surrounding environment. Harmful interference is also not easy to invade the interior of the residential environment, so the cycle characteristics become an important sign of the green residential environment.
3. Characteristics of the times:
From the point of view of the green residential environment, it can be known that it emerged after the city’s socio-economic level reached a certain height. The characteristics of the age of the residential environment should be embodied in the organic combination of residential environment and information technology, so as to create a high quality Human settlement environmental service system; In addition, residential intelligence will be introduced into the environmental construction of the residential area. The concept of housing in the residential environment will be expanded so that it will not only be understood as a family, but will be a work, study, home, Entertainment is an integral social unit.
4. Cultural characteristics:
We know that the living environment of residential areas is the space where human beings live, and it is also the cohesive land and carrying point of residential culture. Therefore, in the planning and design of the green residential environment, it is necessary to recognize the importance of cultural characteristics for the cultivation of the high morale of the residents living in the community, and to create a cultural atmosphere of the green residential environment, the first and foremost is to set a higher level in the green residential environment. The standard of cultural and educational facilities is the material basis for the culture of the settlement. Then in the specific planning and design, we should pay attention to the characteristics of the natural environment and the local colors in the area where the settlement is located, and excavate, refine and carry forward the historical and cultural traditions of the settlement area, and reflect it in the planning. At the same time, we must also pay attention to the richness, continuity, and diversity of the environmental culture of green residential areas so as to give high-level cultural grades to the individual buildings, architectural groups, public facilities, and green environmental products in the green residential environment. With features.

III. Principles and specific design practices to be followed in environmental design of green residential areas

It is the environmental design of green residential areas that has these characteristics. For this purpose, the following design principles should be followed in the specific design practice:
The first is the principle of integrity. As the green residential environment, which is an important part of the overall urban environment, whether it is an artificial environment or the development of the natural environment, we must consider the connection with the overall environment, such as the scale, content, function, structure and layout of the residential environment. And the density, height, shape, color, material and style of residential buildings should all be considered in the overall environmental relationship. In addition, people, society and nature should be regarded as a complete and harmonious system, so that the design and the stability of the green ecosystem can be combined to use natural laws to design.
The second is the principle of diversity. In the environmental design of green areas, its diversity has been endowed with rich social meanings. It not only includes species diversity, but also includes macro functions and diversity of human activities. It can create a diversity of residential space environment in a narrow space through the niche overlap of various basic functional units of human habitation. For example, the design of Beijing Juer Hutong’s “quasi-type courtyard” is based on the preservation of the privacy of the apartment units and the courtyard houses. It is a successful exploration to carry out the creation of a courtyard house with both traditional style features and contemporary senses.
The third is the principle of convenience. The convenience of environmental design in green residential areas is mainly reflected in the internal and external transportation of residential areas, public facilities and service modes. From the point of view of the transport system within and beyond the residential area, it is necessary not only to meet the needs of the residents in the settlement area but also to facilitate the internal transportation within the settlement. As for the public service facilities in residential areas, it is necessary to adopt a reasonable hierarchical structure, pleasant construction standards and good service methods based on the living habits and activities of the residents in the residential areas, so as to provide convenient living services for residents in residential areas.
The fourth is the principle of security. The security of the environmental design of green residential areas consists of environmental safety and social security. The former is also called “green security.” The environmental safety of residential areas requires that its design can prevent settlements from being caused by environmental degradation. The threat to the survival of residents is the most basic security requirement in residential security. In addition, the social security of the residential environment means that the green residential environment should have sound security measures, can effectively guarantee the personal safety of the residents, and be able to withstand a variety of unexpected accidents and natural disasters. In different circumstances, it can ensure the residents’ Live and work.
Fifth, the principle of comfort. The environmental design of green residential areas should strive to create an environmental space with plenty of sunshine, fresh air, no pollution, and noisy interference. There are also vast green areas and outdoor activities, with perfect identification features and good environmental landscape effects.
At the turn of the century, the research on the theory and practice of environmental design in green residential areas is in the period of development in China. It is due to the vastness of our country, the large differences between the east, the west and the north, and the fact that ecological factors are not the same everywhere. The research field of green residential environment design is bound to be very broad, and for this reason, many design theories that combine the regional characteristics to study the green residential environment will be produced. Judging from the design practice of the green residential environment, Beiluyuan Green Residential Community in Fangshan District of Beijing, Minqiao Garden Minleyuan Residential Community, Wanli Demonstration Residential Community, Jinhua Residential Community in Guangzhou Pudong New Area, and Guangzhou In the outskirts of the city, there are many residential complexes such as Shanshui Court Residential Area, Shenzhen City’s Kangqiao Garden Residential Area and Longgang Century Mountain Residential Area. They will surely push China's future residential environment construction into a “green” direction, which will further promote the scientific development of human settlements in the new century.
The environment of the future settlements is closely related to the green, and the orientation and choice of human beings must be ecological. It is hoped that the research on environmental design and living environment of green settlements can promote the sustainable development of the residential environment so that human beings can have a broader future. , a better green world. (Xin Yifeng)