â— Stop fishing. If fish is already hooked before seeing the shark, let the fish run away.
â— Do not kill fish and fish in the water.
â— Do not throw rubbish into the water.
â— Do not put your feet into the water.
â— Keep quiet and do not move.
â— Put hands and equipment into the liferaft.
â— Stop all operations as soon as possible. If you have a large number of sharks, wait until the night.
If you are in a life raft and the shark is approaching -
â— If possible, shoot it.
â— Shoot in the water near the sharks. The violent turbulence in the water may scare away sharks.
â— Hit the shark with anything you can find. If using a paddle, be careful not to break the paddle. If you play directly with your hand, it is more likely that you will be injured than sharks.
dolphin. Knowing how to distinguish between sharks and dolphins will help you reduce fears. Dolphins may have their curved back or dorsal fin exposed when swimming. It dive into the water for a while, and then breathe on it again, repeating the process. The part of the shark exposed to the water is relatively flat and stays for a long time. Sharks and dolphins also vary in their posture (Figure 16-1). Observers also found that where the dolphins appear, sharks disappear. Dolphins seem to like to hit life rafts, but they are so small that survivors do not have to panic. You can use paddles to drive them away.
Skate. You might consider the fins of a large carp or manta ray living in tropical waters as two side-by-side sharks. If the two fins periodically disappear at the same time, then this is the fin of the carp (Figure 16-2). In deep water, all squid do not harm the swimmer, but if it is in shallow water, accidentally stepping on it will likely be dangerous.
whale. The appearance of whales can cause panic because they are too large. But according to the experience of people on life rafts, don't worry about whales attacking you. When whales are undisturbed, they just swim very leisurely, but they have a very naughty habit, like rushing out of life rafts, or pushing life rafts, which may make you feel uneasy. The deep, continuous sound they make when they breathe, and the loud sound of the tail flapping the water are also scary.
Survival skills
Drop the sea anchor immediately. Do not try to sail with life rafts unless you see the coast or in unfriendly waters. Remember, most successful rescues are within 7 days of abandonment or abandonment. Within 7 days, life rafts can't sail far.
Lookout. At all times, it must be ensured that there is at least one observer, who is responsible for observing the land, passing ships or planes, wreckage, seagrass, school of fish, flying birds, and checking the liferaft for wear or leaks. Change at least once every 2 hours.
March. Whatever you do, the liferaft moves, and the route of travel depends on the wind, currents, and how you use the paddles, rudders, anchors, and sails.
If the current flows toward your destination and the wind direction is not, you should put down the sea anchor. Crawling in the life raft to minimize wind resistance. In the far ocean waters, the distance that the water moves one day rarely exceeds 6 to 8 miles (9.7 to 12.9).
The liferaft does not have a keel, so the liferaft cannot sail in the wind, but it can run downwind. A number of liferafts (except 20 liferafts) can be successfully steered away from the wind direction by 10°. However, do not run life rafts easily unless you see land nearby.
If the wind direction is blowing toward your destination, then you should fill the life raft's air, sit straight, put away the sea anchor, raise the sail, and use paddles as the rudder.
In multiple liferafts (except for 20 liferafts), the sails should be erected at the front of the liferaft, using paddles as masts and crossbars.
If there is no conventional sail available, a sail can be made with a waterproof tarpaulin or a pair of thick parachute cloths.
If the liferaft does not have a mast jack and a scorpion seat, the mast can be securely fastened to the seat in front of the liferaft and used to cushion the bottom of the mast to prevent wear or piercing of the liferaft. You can use shoes to make a squat seat, insert the front end of a shoe under the seat, and use the heel portion of the shoe as a squatting seat.
Do not fasten the ends of the lower edge of the sail. Grab the ropes at both ends with your hands. In this way, sudden storms or swift winds will not tear the sail, break the mast, or overturn the life raft.
Be careful not to let the liferaft turn over. In bad weather, the sea anchor must be put down on the bow. All people must lower their bodies and use their weight to hold the life raft, especially on the side of the storm. Do not sit by the life raft, do not stand up, and do not have any sudden movements before reminding others. Do not fasten the fishing line to your own hands or life rafts. Big fish may overturn life rafts.
In the rough sea, tie the stern of the first liferaft with the bow of the second liferaft, and place the sea anchor in the sea at the stern of the second raft. The length of the rope connecting the two liferafts is approximately 25 feet (7.6 meters) long, and the length of the rope can be properly adjusted according to the conditions of the sea surface. The length of the rope to be anchored is also long. When the liferaft is at the tip of the wave, the length of the rope of the sea anchor must be adjusted so that the sea anchor can still be located in the trough. In extremely desperate stormy weather, prepare a spare sea anchor so that once the original anchor's rope is broken and loosened, spare sea anchors can be used immediately.
When the sea anchor is not used, it should be tied to the liferaft. If the life raft turns over, the sea anchor can immediately support the life raft.
The raft can be re-righted (except for 20 life rafts) with the centering handle at the bottom of the raft. Try to adjust the direction of you and the liferaft so that you and the liferaft are in a downwind position. Hold the centering handle and lift the other end of the liferaft and turn it over (Figure 16-3). The front and back of the 20 liferafts are the same, so there is no question of righting.
After life rafts are upright, if there are several people in the water, one person needs to hold one end of multiple liferafts (four to seven seats). The others climb one by one from the other end and can grab their seats and force themselves to drag on. If you have a ladder, you can go up from the ladder. If there is no other help, the best position for the captain is to go from the tail. If you have a wind, you must wear your back to the wind when you are on. The 20-seater liferaft is equipped with a dedicated inflatable landing platform.
When you are single, you have to climb up from the narrower side and try to keep your body level and slide in.
Land traces
The visitor must carefully observe the sight of the land.
In a clear sky, if most of the clouds are moving and there is a cloud of stationary clouds, it may indicate that there may be land under the cloud. Stacked clouds often hover above or slightly off the ground, in the sub-surface wind position.
In the tropics, shallow lagoon water or sunlight reflected from coral reefs often makes the sky blue.
In the polar regions, if there is a lighter color image in the cloud, it is likely that there is ice or snow-covered land underneath. These images are very different from the deep gray images created by the open water in the clouds.
Deep water is dark green or dark blue. If the sea water is light, it means the water is shallow, which means that the land may be nearby.
When there is fog, or when it rains, or in the evening, you can detect the land by smell and sound. The musty odor emitted from the mangrove swamps and muddy lands along the coast and the odor emitted from the burning of wood can be transmitted far away. The waves slammed on the shore to make a huge noise, and they could hear it before they could see the spray. The call of seabirds from one direction continues, indicating that the land they inhabit may not be far.
More birds are usually found near the land than in the distant sea. The direction of the birds coming at dawn and the direction they fly at dusk may be the direction of the land. During the day, birds feed their food everywhere, and their direction of flight has no special significance.
In the tropics, mirages may occur, especially at noon. Be careful not to use the mirage as a land. As long as the height of the wait-and-see is adjusted slightly, the mirage phenomenon will disappear, or its appearance and height will change.
You can also detect land based on how the waves move, and the waves are refracted when they approach land (Figure 16-4). Follow the wave and the water marked “X†on the graph will create a slight whirlpool due to the interaction between the waves. Going in the direction parallel to the whirlpool, you can reach the land.
If you are swimming ashore -
â— Wear shoes and wear at least one layer of clothing. Use side-swimming or breaststroke to save energy.
â— If the waves are not large, you can ride on a smaller wave and as it travels forward, dives into the water as the wave weakens and disappears.
â— If the waves are high, then you have to swim to the coast between the waves that rush to the shore. If waves coming in the direction of the sea are coming toward you, you should face it and dive into the water, wait for it to pass, and continue to swim to the shore in the next valley.
â— If you are dragged into the water by a large back wave, try your best to get out of the water, swim to the surface, and follow the above method to continue to the shore.
â— If you have a lot of rocks on the shore, look for those waves that can wash away the rocks and avoid the splashes. Slowly to the rock, because you need to physically climb the rock and hold on.
â— After choosing a landing site, choose a large wave and wait for it to break into smaller waves and then follow the broken waves. Face the shore and face the body with the feet facing forward and 2 to 3 feet (0.6 to 0.9 meters) lower than the head so that when you get on or hit the big rocks or reefs in the water, the feet will Absorb part of the impact, thereby slowing down the entire body.
â— If you can't reach the shore behind waves, then use your hand and swim by hand only to the shore. When the next wave comes, make your body sit and your feet are pointing forward. Repeat the above steps until you land ashore.
â— On the leeward surface covered with seagrass, the seawater will be much calmer. You can use this point when going ashore, but don't go through the seagrass. You must swim slowly from above the seagrass. When you move forward, grab the seagrass and draw down the water.
â— When crossing a rocky reef, do the same as if you landed on a rocky seashore. Bring your feet together and flex your knees to relax your body and reduce the impact on the reef.
If you are on a life raft -
â— It is not dangerous for a single life raft to land ashore in most cases, but it is dangerous if the shore waves are too high. Do not worry. The landing site should be carefully selected. When the sun is low and you are in front of you, do not try to get ashore in this situation. Try to land on the lee side of the island. Observe the gap in the wave at the shore and move toward the gap. Avoid coral reefs and rock cliffs. There will be no coral reefs at the mouth of a freshwater river. Avoid the rapids or tides, they may rush you into the sea, farther away from shore. You can signal the coast or look around to find a sloping beach where the waves are smaller.
â— If you must cross the waves to reach the shore, put down the mast and put on your clothes and shoes to avoid being cut by rocks. To adjust the lifesaving vest, rush. Put down the sea anchor at the stern and put the rope to the longest. The use of paddles constantly adjusts the position of the sea anchors and straightens the ropes as far as possible so that the liferaft can always be moved towards the coast and it can stop the waves from overturning the liferaft from the stern. When there is a big wave coming back from the shore, you can use paddles to help the life raft rush through the waves.
â— The movement of the waves may not be regular, and the speed may change at any time. Therefore, measures should be adjusted according to the actual situation. The best way to pass through the spray is to have half sitting on one side of the life raft and the other half sitting on the other side and sitting side to side. When the waves rushed in, half of them rowed until they crossed the wave, and then the other half went to the shore until another big wave rushed over.
â— When dealing with strong winds and waves, the liferaft must be swept as fast as possible at the fastest possible speed to avoid the liferaft from being thrown on the side or thrown by waves. If possible, try to avoid hitting it when the big waves crash.
• If the waves are moderately fluent and there is no wind, then it is best not to be too fast when the life raft rushes into the waves. If the speed is too fast, it will suddenly drop after passing the wave. If life rafts are overturned, they must hold fast to the life raft.
â— When approaching the coast, rush the life raft onto a larger wave, then use your own strength to draw water to the shore and try to follow the wave as far as possible. It was not until the life raft touched the ground to jump off the life raft and then landed the raft.
â— If there is room for choice, it is best not to go ashore at night. If you have reason to believe that someone is living on the bank, you should keep a certain distance from the shore and send a signal to wait for the residents to come out and take you to shore.
â— If you encounter sea ice, you can only choose those large, smooth large floes of ice. To avoid drifting ice, they may overturn. Avoid small floes or those ice floes that appear to be split. Use paddles or by hand to keep the life raft and the edge of the ice at a distance to avoid rubbing against ice and ice. Drag the life raft onto the ice and keep it away from the edge of the ice. Keep life rafts inflated and ready to use. Any ice floe may suddenly crack.
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