Printing equipment and equipment industry 1.5

Section 5 Printing Other Equipment Manufacturing

There are many kinds of various kinds of equipment used in the printing production process. Although they do not directly constitute prints like paper and ink, they are also indispensable in the printing production process. According to the three major processes of printing production, these devices are broadly divided into three categories: contact screens, color filters, lining materials and framing materials.

First, contact screen and filter

1. Touch screen

In the traditional photo-engraving system encountered continuous tone manuscript, it is necessary to use the screen to cross the net. The screen is divided into glass screen and contact screen. The manufacture of glass screens is a sophisticated mechanical and optical processing technology with very complicated processes and very strict requirements on the manufacturing environment. China cannot manufacture itself and relies on imported high prices for a long period of time. For printers, optical devices such as glass screens are used with care and care. In order to provide material security for the development of China's printing industry, the China Institute of Printing Science and Technology and the Shanghai Institute of Printing Technology have been successfully trial-making contact screens since the mid-1970s to supply the national printing industry. Domestic contact screen specifications include offset 60-centimeter-cm gray contact screens and magenta contact screens; size and shape are square (50 x 50 cm, 4 sheets in 90°, 75°, 45°, 15°), round Shape (diameter 48 cm), there is also a 40-line centimeter gray contact screen for letterpress plates.

Some of the photographing nets are over the net when making the positive film, and some are over the net when making the negative film. In order to meet the needs of the network, the contact screen is divided into two types, positive and negative, according to the dot density distribution characteristics. The positive screen is used for the intaglio positive film; the negative screen is used for the negative film.

The use of domestic contact screens is not only cheap and easy to purchase, but more importantly, it reduces the dependence of the printing industry on imported screens.

2. Separation filter

Color filter is an indispensable equipment for color separation in the printing and film processing industries. It was mainly imported from abroad before the 1950s. In the early 1960s, Beijing Film Printing Factory produced a color filter for colloidal separation. After the 1970s, it was produced and supplied by the Optical Instrument Factory of Xicheng District, Beijing.

(1) Separation filter. Specifications 10 x 10 (cm) Each set of 4 (Red 1, Green 4, Blue 1 and Yellow 3) for general photo separation.

(2) Direct net color separation filter. Specifications 10 x 10 (cm) 4 sets each (orange red 1, orange red 2, green 2, blue 1).

(3) school color filter. Specifications 10 × 10 (cm), each set of 2 (Magenta 1, Olive Green 1). Mainly used for mask color correction.

Second, the lining material

Rubber rollers, rubber blankets and various backings are indispensable lining materials for use with printing machines.

Printing roller

The rubber rollers on the letterpress machine are generally produced by the printing factory and used for their own use. The rubber rollers on the typographic printing machine, gravure printing machine, and coating machine are produced by professional rubber roller manufacturers. Many manufacturers, such as Hunan Changde Rubber Products Factory, Shanghai Printing Equipment Factory, and Beijing Rubber Factory, have produced printing rollers.

2. Blanket

Compared with the printing rubber roller, the production technology of the rubber blanket is much more difficult. In the past, it could not be produced domestically, and it completely relied on imports. In the early 1960s, Beijing Rubber Research & Design Institute, Shanghai Textile Research Institute, Shanghai Printing Technology Research Institute, and Shanghai Printing Equipment Manufacturing Factory developed the domestically-used plain printing blankets in cooperation with the printing materials department and printed them in Shanghai in 1963. The equipment manufacturer, Zhongnan Rubber Factory (formerly Beijing Rubber Research and Design Institute) was put into production and supplied to the market. As the quality of domestic blankets continues to increase and the variety of specifications has increased, the tension in blanket supply has gradually eased. In order to meet the needs of high-speed multi-color development, Shanghai Printing Equipment Manufactory and Zhongnan Rubber Factory have successively developed air-cushionable compressible blankets.

The specifications of air-cushioned rubber blankets produced by Shanghai Printing Equipment Factory are as follows:

Length×width×thickness

915 × 915 × 1.85 (millimeter) 800 × 1040 × 1.85 (millimeter) 600 × 900 × 1.65 (millimeter) Air-cushioned rubber blankets produced by Zhongnan Rubber Factory are as follows:

Length×width×thickness

915 × 915 × 1.95 (mm) 800 × 1045 × 1.95 (mm) 683 × 573 × 1.95 (mm)

In addition, printing equipment manufacturers in Shanghai also produce printed iron blankets. Zhongnan Rubber also produces gravure blankets.

3. Various cushion materials

Rubber blankets were used in conjunction with the blankets, which were produced by Shaanxi Rubber Factory and Shanghai Printing Equipment Manufacturing Plant.

The rubber used in the lining of the impression cylinder of the letterpress rotary press, the rubber backing material used in combination with the rubberette, and the pad material of the printer are mostly produced by a Shanghai printing equipment manufacturer.

Third, the binding material

After the book was printed, it was finally formed. The materials used in the postpress processing of books are mainly framed materials, which include cover materials, adhesive bonding materials, and stamping materials. As far as the materials for binding materials are concerned, there are still many types, and it is impossible to list them one by one. The main ones are listed as follows:

1. Cover material

(1) Cover board.

Hardcover bookcases, jackets, boxes, etc. are made of cover paperboard, thickness 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mm, size 800 × 1100 (millimeters), Liaoyang Industrial Paperboard Factory, Liaoning Province.

(2) Cover decoration materials.

For cover decoration, there are glued papers, lacquer cloths, lacquer papers, plastic coated papers, etc., which are produced in many places. There are many varieties and colors, which can be easily selected.

2. Adhesive materials

The most used adhesive material is a rubber compound. Before the 1970s, mainly used animal glue and starch glue. Since the 1970s, in order to promote the promotion of the wireless glue-binding process, polyvinylacetate latex and hot-melt adhesives have been used instead.

(1) Polyvinyl acetate latex.

Also known as white latex, organic synthetic polymer, is the main rubber material for wireless binding. Beijing Organic Chemical Plant, Lianyungang Organic Chemical Plant, and many places have production.

(2) hot melt adhesive.

Hot melt adhesives are special glues for wirelessly bound hot melt adhesives. It is a solid substance formed by melting and mixing various thermoplastic substances. When heated to 180-200°C, it melts completely into a fluid and has good wetting properties. Once it has left the heat source and solidified within seconds, it has high bond strength and good flexibility. It is a new type of bound rubber compound developed domestically since the 1970s. Beijing Xinhua Typography Factory, Lianyungang Organic Chemical Factory All have production.

3. Stamping materials

(1) Gold and silver foil.

Gold foil is a foil with a thickness of several micrometers that is stretched with gold by tapping. It has a golden luster, good toughness and oxidation resistance. Only very precious collections of luxury albums are decorated with gold foil. Although the album is honourable and elegant, it is because of its high price and limited usage.

Silver foil is made of silver pressed into a foil, silvery white, but also has good toughness. The oxidation resistance is worse than that of gold foil. Long-term contact with air will be tarnished by the influence of trace sulfur gas in the atmosphere. Although the price is cheaper than gold foil, in the end it is a precious metal, and the amount is very small.

(2) Electro-aluminum.

Electro-aluminum is one of the most widely used decorative hot stamping materials in the printing industry since the 1960s. Because it is cheap, hot stamping is convenient, bright color, dazzling, so since its inception, the application of other hot stamping materials is even rarer. There are many domestic factories for producing anodized aluminum, such as gold, silver, blue, green, red and orange.