Introduction: China is a large country of cultural relics. The study of ancient material relics has enabled us to understand ancient human behavior and social culture at that time. In archaeological research, the use of contemporary advanced analytical techniques and various analytical instruments to research and repair cultural relics has enabled many cultural relics to be discovered and protected.
The archaeological excavation work of the main chamber of the Xihan Haiyue Hou Tomb in Nanchang is actively and steadily moving forward. The top experts from all over the world also gathered in Nanchang to participate in archaeological work. With the deepening of the excavation, on December 6, the main chamber of the Western Han Dynasty tomb in Nanchang excavated jade, sword and other cultural relics. According to experts, jade articles are more common in the burial of the Han Dynasty. With the deepening of the discovery, jade devices such as jade pillows will not be ruled out.
In the archaeological excavation of the West Hanhai faint tomb in Nanchang, Jiangxi, the use of a variety of high-tech means is a highlight. In the early stage of archaeological investigation and excavation, a large number of scientific and technological means such as geophysical exploration, GPS positioning, electronic total station network measurement and control, and global geographic information system (GIS) recording were used to complete the investigation of information.
Previously, nearly 3,000 bamboo slips and hibiscus unearthed from the Western Han Dynasty tomb in Nanchang have been receiving much attention from the outside world. After the bamboo slips have been cleaned up, they will be read through infrared scanning. These ancient documents, which have been sealed for more than 2,000 years, can be seen again.
In order to rejuvenate damaged cultural relics, in addition to these high-tech, many scientific instruments are needed. Let's start with X-ray fluorescence analysis. In archaeological research, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is a non-destructive analysis, mainly to determine the composition of the antiquities, thus achieving various analytical purposes.
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy can quickly and qualitatively analyze the elements in solids and even liquids and gases. For most materials of various materials such as metals, alloys, ceramics, glass, jade jewelry, even paintings, pigments, elements in oil paintings or Trace element content for qualitative identification and quantitative analysis. Therefore, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is mainly used in archaeology to identify the age, authenticity, origin, and production process of antiquities.
Infrared spectroscopy is used for the identification of inorganic substances such as mural pigments. Infrared spectroscopy, also known as molecular vibrational rotation spectroscopy, is also a molecular absorption spectroscopy. When the sample is irradiated by infrared light with a continuously changing frequency, the molecule absorbs radiation of certain frequencies, and the vibration of the dipole moment changes due to its vibration or rotational motion, resulting in molecular vibration and rotation, and the transition of the energy level from the ground state to the excited state. The projection luminosity corresponding to these absorption regions is weakened. An infrared spectrum is obtained by recording a curve of the ratio of the percent projection of infrared light to the wave number or wavelength. Infrared absorption spectroscopy is one of the most useful methods for qualitatively identifying compounds and determining molecular structure, and is widely used in the identification of organic compounds. Infrared spectroscopy is often used in the identification and identification of cultural relics for the identification of inorganic materials such as mural paints; the analysis and identification of painting cement materials; and the analysis and research of silk, lacquerware and coatings.
From the purpose of cultural relics protection, we must not only understand the nature of cultural relics and the laws of corrosion and decay. At the same time, it is necessary to understand the original burial environment. For ceramic and stone-like porous cultural relics, it is necessary to understand the soluble salts contained in the interior. All of this is inseparable from the analysis of the soil, and it is inseparable from ion analysis. The ion chromatograph uses the principle of ion exchange chromatography to rapidly separate various ions in a separation column, removes the strong electrolyte in the eluent by a suppressor to deduct the background conductance, and continuously measures the conductance value of the outflow through the electrode conductance detector. The chromatographic peaks of various ions can be obtained, and various anions and cations can be simultaneously and qualitatively detected. Through this ion analysis, it is possible to determine the soluble salt composition and content in the burial environment of the cultural relics, thereby formulating a desalination protection scheme for the cultural relics.
In addition to the above analytical instruments, there are many analytical instruments used in the study of cultural relics. With the development and introduction of modern analytical instruments, the field of cultural relics research is gradually deepening, and cultural relics protection has received more and more attention. We look forward to the use of more and more advanced instruments to better serve the protection of cultural heritage.
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